806 SANTA MARlA, DOMINGO. 



SCOTT, THOMAS A. 



past, been the object of much care and solici- 

 tude on the part of the Government. There 

 were, in June, 1880, 624 primary schools, of 

 which 159 were for females, and having an 

 aggregate attendance of 24,438 pupils, of whom 

 20,000 were males. Intermediate and higher 

 branches of learning were taught respectively 

 in twenty-six colegios, with a total of 1,322 

 pupils, of whom 341 were females; and in the 

 universities of the capital, Santa Ana, and San 

 Miguel. A college for girls was to be estab- 

 lished in Santa Ana. Some $14,000 had been 

 appropriated by the Government to purchase 

 and fit up a suitable house for the purpose. 

 The Consejo de Instruction publica had decided 

 against the admission to the National Univer- 

 sity of students holding certificates from schools 

 directed by the clergy. Two night-schools for 

 tradesmen were opened in San Salvador. 



SANTA MARlA, DOMINGO, a Chilian states- 

 man, born August 4, 1825. Educated at the 

 National Institute of Santiago, he took his de- 

 gree as Licentiate of Laws and Political Science 

 in 1847, and the same year he was appointed 

 under-Secretary of State in the Department of 

 Justice. The following year he was called to 

 the post of Intendente of the province of Col- 

 chagua, and thus, at the early age of twenty- 

 three, became a perceptible factor in the fierce 

 struggle for public liberty which, in Chili, 

 marked that critical period. Banishment was 

 his lot for the prominent part which he took in 

 the " liberal " revolution of 1850-'51. After a 

 year of exile in the Peruvian capital, he re- 

 turned to his native country, betook himself to 

 the practice of his profession, and, thanks to 

 his talent, energy, and eloquence, gradually 

 rose to pre-eminence at the bar and in the Par- 

 liament. His ardent defense of liberal ideas in 

 1858 brought upon him a second proscription, 

 self-imposed, but more protracted and more 

 useful to Seflor Santa Maria than the first. He 

 now visited the principal countries of Western 

 Europe, and even found an opportunity of dis- 

 playing his professional talents to advantage 

 before the British courts, in a famous lawsuit 

 in which some of his fellow-countrymen were 

 interested. On his return,, the political aspect 

 of aifairs in Chili having undergone a radical 

 change under the auspices of President Perez 

 and his Cabinet, and the Liberal and Conserva- 

 4 tive parties having renounced their antagonism 

 and united their forces in support of the Gov- 

 ernment, Santa Maria was intrusted with the 

 portfolio of Finance, which he held from Jan- 

 uary, 1863, to May, 1864. Again a simple 

 citizen, he rendered tangible service to his 

 country in the private and confidential arrange- 

 ment of the treaty with Spain, which bore the 

 signatures of Covarrubias and Tavira, before 

 that nation declared war against Chili in 1866. 

 In the same year it was Santa Maria who con- 

 summated in Lima the treaty of alliance with 

 Peru, which bears his signature, together with 

 that of Doctor Toribio Pacheco, Peruvian Min- 

 ister of Foreign Affairs at the time, a compact 



which served also as a basis for the immediate 

 adhesion of Ecuador and Bolivia. 



Later on he was appointed President of the 

 Court of Appeals; and in 1879, after the 

 declaration of war by Peru against Chili, the 

 necessity of a change in the ministry being 

 apparent, public sentiment designated Senor 

 Santa Maria as foremost among those who 

 should be called upon to co-operate in a situa- 

 tion requiring the highest order of intelligence. 

 He took the portfolio of Foreign Affairs in the 

 new (Varas-Santa Maria) Cabinet. In July of 

 the same year Varas withdrew, and Santa 

 Maria was called to preside over the Cabinet, 

 serving at the same time the Department of 

 the Interior. To the strong, determined nature 

 of the sagacious diplomat is attributed much 

 of the Chilian success in the war with Peru 

 and Bolivia, and to a certain degree the happy 

 issue of the protracted discussion of the bound- 

 ary question with the Argentine Republic. 

 The Santa Maria Cabinet was dissolved in 

 June, 1880. On August 30, 1880, the Chilian 

 Congress examined the general returns of the 

 votes from the various sections of the repub- 

 lic, and, in view of these, proclaimed as Presi- 

 dent of Chili the " eminent citizen and states- 

 man who, for more than thirty years, has been 

 familiar with public affairs, and a constant 

 promoter of the public weal." 



SCOTT, THOMAS A., was born in London, 

 Franklin County, Pennsylvania, December 28, 

 1823 ; died May 21, 1881. Thomas Scott, the 

 father of this "railway king," kept a noted 

 tavern on the old limestone turnpike, running 

 from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, which, before 

 the introduction of railroads, was the princi- 

 pal avenue of trade and emigration westward. 

 " Tom Scott's tavern," as it was called, was 

 sometimes thronged with as many as a hundred 

 teamsters at once. The boyhood of Colonel 

 Scott, passed among such surroundings, was 

 calculated to receive impressions that later on 

 developed into ideas of the importance of 

 " trunk routes " of communication. He worked 

 on a farm in summer, attended a village school 

 in winter, and, before reaching his majority, 

 had been clerk in several country stores at 

 Waynesboro, Bridgeport, and Mercersburg. 

 Afterward he became the clerk of Major James 

 Patten, collector of tolls, at Columbia, on the 

 State road. In 1847 he accepted the post of 

 chief clerk to the collector of tolls in Philadel- 

 phia, the eastern terminus of the State road. 

 It was in 1851, at the age of twenty-seven 

 years, that he first became connected with the 

 Pennsylvania Railroad, then only partially con- 

 structed. After a year's residence at the junc- 

 tion near Hollidaysburg, in charge of the busi- 

 ness of the company passing over the Portage 

 road and the western division of the State ca- 

 nal, he was appointed to the responsible post of 

 general agent for the eastern or mountain di- 

 vision of the road, with headquarters at Dun- 

 cansville. On the completion of the western 

 division he was made its general agent at the 



