SOUTH CAROLINA. 



SPAIN. 



815 



due to a local accumulation, or it is the result 

 of the accidental superposition of a few large 

 nodules. The yield per acre of clean and dry 

 rock varies from 300 to 1,200 tons. The aver- 

 age yield of land-beds now worked is 700 to 

 800 tons to the acre. The magnitude of the 

 deposits has been estimated as low as 5,000,000 

 tons and as high as 576,000,000 tons. The 

 latest estimates are the largest, and it is sup- 

 posed that the phosphate deposits already 

 known are practically inexhaustible. The ship- 

 ments to England are now made principally 

 direct from Bull River instead of from Charles- 

 ton ; 86,000 tons were sent from Bull River to 

 foreign ports, and 55,000 tons coastwise in 1881. 

 Following is the population of the State by 

 counties in 1880, as compared with 1870: 



The centennial anniversary of the battle of 

 Cowpens was commemorated by the unveiling 

 of a statue of General Daniel II. Morgan at 

 Spartanburg. The statue was executed in ac- 

 cordance with a resolution of Congress by J. Q. 

 A. Ward, of New York, a well-known sculp- 

 tor. The arrangements were not completed 

 in time for holding the ceremonies on the an- 

 niversary day of the battle, January 17th,}: and 

 they were consequently deferred to May llth. 

 The statue is a bronze figure of the famous 



* In 1871, from parts of Barnwell, Edgcflold, Lexington, 

 and Oranijoburg. 



t In HT3, from part of Beaufort. 



j At the battle of Cowpens General Morjran won a decisive 

 victory over Colonel Tarleton, who was sent by Cornwallis to 

 drive him from his position between the Broad and Pacolot 

 Elvers in December, 1780. The American force was retreat- 

 ing in order to occupy a safer position when overtaken by 

 the British detachment, which was superior in numbers and 

 much better equipped, at a wood known as Hannah's Cow- 

 pens, from the fact that a grazier, named Hannah, confined 

 his cattle in it. Hence the name of the battle. The Ameri- 

 can riflemen finally put the British to flight 



partisan warrior, nine feet high, standing upon 

 a lofty pedestal. He is in the fringed and 

 moccasined dress of his rifle brigade. The 

 statue was designed after a portrait by Colo- 

 nel Trumbull. At the unveiling the ceremo- 

 nies were conducted by Governor Hagood, and 

 ex-Governor Hampton and Mr. Higginson de- 

 livered orations. 



SPAIN (LAS ESPA$AS), a kingdom of 

 Southern Europe. Reigning sovereign, Al- 

 fonso XII (son of the ex-Queen Isabel II), 

 born November 28, 1857 ; proclaimed King 

 of Spain, at Madrid, December 31, 1874; as- 

 sumed the government January 9, 1875 ; mar- 

 ried January 23, 1878, to Princess Maria de 

 las Mercedes (youngest daughter of the Duke 

 de Montpensier), born June 24, 1860, died 

 June 26, 1878; married in second nuptials 

 November 29, 1879, to the Archduchess Maria 

 Christina of Austria (daughter of the late 

 Archduke Charles Ferdinand of Austria) , born 

 July 21, 1858. Issue of the second union is a 

 daughter, Maria de las Mercedes, born Septem- 

 ber 11, 1880, Princess of Asturias. 



The Council of Ministers of February 8, 

 1881, was (with some exceptions) composed 

 as follows: President of the Council, Don 

 Pedro Manuel Sagasta; Minister of Foreign 

 Affairs, Don Antonio Aguilar, Marquis de la 

 Vega de Armijo (March 18, 1880) ; Minister 

 of Grace and Justice, Don Alfonso Martinez ; 

 Minister of Finance, Don Tomaro F. Camacho 

 (March 18, 1881); Minister of the Interior, 

 Don Francisco Victor Gonzalez (February 9, 

 1879) ; Minister of War, General A. Martinez 

 Campos (February 9, 1881); Minister of Ma- 

 rine, Vice-Admiral Don F. de Pavia y Pa- 

 via; Minister of Commerce and Agriculture, 

 Don S. L. Albareda ; Minister of the Colonies, 

 Don F. de Leon y Castillo. The Spanish En- 

 voy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotenti- 

 ary to the United States is Don F. Barca. The 

 United States Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 

 ister Plenipotentiary to Spain is the Hon. Han- 

 nibal Hamlin (accredited July, 1881). The 

 Spanish Consul-General at New York is Don 

 Hip61ito de Uriarte. 



Spain, with an area (including the Balearic 

 and the Canary Islands) of 195,774 square 

 miles, is divided into forty-nine provinces, and 

 has a population of 16,625,860, according to 

 the census of December, 1877. 



The rate of increase of population during 

 the last hundred years does not exceed seventy 

 per cent. In 1768 the population was esti- 

 mated at 9,307,800; in 1789 it had reached 

 10,061,480; in 1797 it was more than 12,000,- 

 000; in 1820 it had fallen to 11,000,000; and 

 in 1823 it had again risen to 12,000,000. 



The five largest cities numbered, in 1877: 

 Madrid, 397,690 inhabitants; Barcelona, 249,- 

 106 ; Valencia, 148,856 ; Seville, 133,938 ; Ma- 

 laga, 115,882. 



The colonial possessions of Spain, with their 

 areas and populations (census of December, 

 1877), are as follows : 



