UNITED STATES, THE CENSUS OF. 



849 



enumerated the free white males of sixteen 

 years of age and upward, the same under six- 

 teen, and gave the number of females and the 

 number of slaves. The second and third cen- 

 suses distinguished the sexes and colors of free 

 persons, classifying the free males under ten 

 years of years, those from ten to sixteen, six- 

 teen to twenty-six, twenty-six to forty-five, 

 forty-five and upward; the slaves were simply 

 taken by number. In 1810 the marshals were 

 directed to make return of the several manu- 

 facturing establishments and manufacturers 

 within their several districts. A like division 

 was made of population by the fourth census, 

 which distinguished the number of persons en- 

 gaged in agriculture, commerce, and manufact- 

 ures respectively. The enumeration of the 

 fifth census distinguished the sexes of all free 

 white persons, and ages of white males and fe- 

 males by periods of five years up to twenty 

 years, thence by periods of ten years to the 



age of a hundred and upward, specifying the 

 deaf and dumb and blind under the age of four- 

 teen years. Thus the field of inquiry has been 

 enlarged at every period, until it embraces al- 

 most every subject of prime importance. The 

 total population of the United States, as finally 

 returned by the census of 1880, is 50,155,783. 

 This aggregate was composed as follows : Male, 

 25,518,820; female, 24,636,963; native, 43,- 

 475,840; foreign, 6,679,943; white, 43,402,- 

 970; colored, 6,580,793; Chinese, 105,465; 

 Japanese, 148; Indians, 66,407. In 1870 the 

 aggregate population was 38,558,371. There 

 were then 19,493,565 males, 19,064,806 fe- 

 males, 32,991,142 native-born, 5,567,229 for- 

 eign-born, 33,589,377 whites, 4,880,009 colored, 

 63,199 Chinese, 55 Japanese, and 25,731 civ- 

 ilized Indians that is, Indians out of tribal 

 relations. The following table gives the pop- 

 ulation for 1880 by States and Territories, in 

 the aggregate, and by nativity and race : 



The population of the one hundred largest 

 cities of the United States, including all those 

 VOL. xxi. 54 A 



having 20,000 inhabitants, or upward, is as fol- 

 lows for 1880 and 1870 : 



