UNITED STATES, THE CENSUS OF. 



855 



separate establishment. The following is a 

 comparison of the number of the various es- 

 tablishments in 1870 and 1880: " 



The iron rolling-mill products in 1870 and 

 1880, comprising bar-iron, rod-iron, nail-plate 

 iron converted into cut nails, boiler-plate iron, 

 etc., were as follows : 



The size and capacity of the establishments 

 were much greater in 1880 than in 1870. As 

 the capacity of blast-furnaces only was given 

 in 1870, no complete data are available for a 

 comparison of all the works in the two years. 

 The daily capacity of the blast-furnaces in 1870 

 was 8,357 tons of pig-iron, and in 1880 it was 

 19,248 tons, an increase of 130'32 per cent. 

 The number of blast-furnaces in 1870 was 

 574, and in 1830 it was 681, an increase of 

 18-64: per cent. The following exhibit shows 

 the number and capacity of blast-furnaces, roll- 

 ing-mills, steel-works, forges, and blomaries, 

 at the close of the census year 1880, i. e., June 

 1, 1880 : 



Blast-furnace establishments 490 



Completed blast-furnaces 631 



Rolling-mill establishments 824 



Single puddling-fiirnaces, each double furnace count- 

 ing as two single furnaces 4,819 



Rotary puddling-furnace (Sellers) 1 



Danks puddling-furnaces 19 



Hammers in iron rolling-mills 239 



Heating-furnaces 2,105 



Trains of rolls in iron rolling-mills 1,-J06 



Nail-machines 8,775 



Steel-works 73 



Bessemer-steel converters 24 



Open-hearth steel- furnaces 87 



Pot-holes for crucible steel 2,691 



Trains of rolls in steel-works 186 



Hammers in steel- works 219 



Forges and blomaries 113 



Forge and blomary fires. 495 



Sieinens's rotator 



Hammers in forges and blomaries 141 



Daily capacity of blast-furnaces in net tons 19,243 



of rolling-mills in not tons 16,430 



of Bessemer-steel converters in net tons 4,467 

 of open-hearth steel-furnaces in net tons 827 



of crucible-steel works in net tons 445 



of forges and blomaries in net tons 620 



The following table shows the production of 

 each branch of the iron and steel industries in 

 1870 and 1880, with the percentage of increase 

 or decrease in the latter year : 



In the Bessemer and open-hearth steel-works 

 the following finished products, embracing rails, 

 bars, rods, shapes, sheets, plates, and other 

 forms, were produced during the census year 

 1880: 



In the census year 1870 the production of 

 Bessemer-steel finished products was only 19,- 

 403 tons. No open-hearth steel products are 

 reported for that year. The quantity of Bes- 

 semer-steel ingots produced in the census year 

 1880 was 985,208 tons, and the quantity of 

 open-hearth steel ingots was 84,802 tons. No 

 statistics of ingots produced in 1870 are avail- 

 able for comparison. It will be observed that 

 a larger quantity of finished open-hearth steel 

 products was produced in 1880 than of ingots, 

 which is probably due to the carrying over of 

 ingots from the preceding year, and to impor- 

 tations during the census year. The Bessemer 

 steel ingots produced in 1880 are in excess of 

 the finished products. The increase in the 

 production of crucible-steel finished products 

 in the decade between 1870 and 1880 was from 

 28,069 to 70,319 tons, or 151 per cent. Tho 

 production of crucible-steel ingots in 1880 was 

 76,201 tons. The condition of the iron and 

 steel industry in the United States in 1880 and 

 its growth since 1870 are shown in the follow- 

 ing table of figures for all blast-furnaces, roll- 

 ing-mills, steel-works, and blomaries in the 

 United States : 



