UTAH. 



859 



As shown by the first of the forego ing tables, 

 the exports in 1880 were of the total value of 

 $19,752,201 ; those shipped through the port 

 of Montevideo amounted to $10,918,551. 



The shipping movements at the port of Mon- 

 tevideo in 1879 and 1880 were as below: 



Craft of all kind engaged in the coasting and 

 river trade were entered, in 1880, to the num- 

 ber of 2,906, aggregating 556,887 tons, and 

 cleared to the number of 3,101, aggregating 

 644,508 tons. 



There are 235 miles of railway in operation 

 in the republic, comprising four lines. The 

 telegraph lines, in 1878, were of the total 

 length of 758 miles (including 100 miles of sub- 

 marine cable), with twenty stations ; and the 

 aggregate number of dispatches was 38,310. 



In the opening paragraph of the President's 

 message already referred to, Sefior Vidal con- 

 gratulates the Houses on the closing of a leg- 

 islative session during the course of which no 

 movement of a revolutionary character had 

 occurred. 



UTAH. According to the " Bulletin of the 

 United States Census," the Territory of Utah, 

 with a native population of 99,939 and a for- 

 eign population of 43,994, contains 26,566 im- 

 migrants from Great Britain, 885 from Can- 

 ada, 12,755 from Denmark, Sweden, and Nor- 

 way, 1,925 from Germany and Switzerland, and 

 1,883 from other countries. The number of 

 church-members in Utah and the adjacent dis- 

 tricts is given by a Mormon officer at 83,000. 

 This statement admits that the statistics within 

 this limit are far from complete, and adds that 

 no statistics whatever have been gathered re- 

 specting the " scattered membership in the 

 States, Mexico, and Canada." It is affirmed 

 by Mormon authorities that there are 14,000 or 

 15,000 members in Europe, and between 4,000 

 and 5,000 in New Zealand, the Sandwich Isl- 

 ands, and other missionary districts. 



The Mormons confront the movements 

 against polygamy which are made through gen- 

 eral public agencies and in Congress with un- 

 daunted determination and unabated zeal in 

 seeking proselytes. Within their own Territory, 

 the adherents of the Mormon system are kept 

 under the strictest discipline and in a condition 

 of constant readiness for united action to resist 

 the effect of any measure that may be direct- 

 ed against the institution which they hold to 

 be particular, while their missionaries are ac- 

 tive abroad gaining converts and seeing to their 

 transportation to Utah. The missionary or- 

 ganization of the Mormons is one of their 

 strongest arms, and is the institution to which 

 more, perhaps, than to any other single instru- 

 mentality, they owe the solid strength which 



they have manifested so often and so constant- 

 ly against all hostile demonstrations. It has 

 been kept actively at work from the tirst years 

 of the existence of the Church, when mission- 

 aries were sent to the Indians, then from Ohio 

 to the Missouri River, then into Canada and 

 through the whole region between the Alle- 

 ghany Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean. The 

 tirst misssionaries to England were sent out in 

 1837. An effort was made in 1841 to plant 

 Mormonism in Palestine, but without success. 

 In 1843 emissaries of the Church penetrated to 

 the islands of the South Pacific Ocean. France, 

 Germany, the Scandinavian countries, Italy, 

 Switzerland, and the Sandwich Islands were 

 entered in 1850 ; the West Indies, British Gui- 

 ana, Gibraltar, Malta, South Africa, Ceylon, 

 Ilindostan, Siam, China, and Australia in 1852. 

 Attempts to enter Prussia and Austria in 1853 

 -'54 were repelled by the governments of those 

 countries. Since the last date few new fields 

 have been occupied, and mission-work is now 

 mainly confined to four or five regions. 



The whole organization of the missionary 

 work, the determination of the fields, and the 

 nomination of the missionaries, are under the 

 control of the hierarchy. Theoretically, every 

 white adult male Mormon is authorized to 

 preach and baptize, and so may be sent abroad 

 to save his fellow-men. Hence the supply of 

 " elders " is abundant and practically unlimited. 

 The magnates of the Church decide how many 

 missionaries shall go forth ; the number is ap- 

 portioned as is thought best, and nominations 

 are made by the 375 presidents and bishops, to be 

 confirmed by the popular vote of all the breth- 

 ren gathered at the great April and October 

 conferences in Salt Lake City. Apparently, 

 no discrimination is exercised in making the 

 nominations, and no appeal is admitted from the 

 appointment. Every missionary goes at his 

 own charges, and no provision is contemplated 

 by the Church for his family or his business 

 during his absence. Commonly, the elders go 

 out in twos, for mutual comfort and assistance, 

 and remain at their posts until the authority 

 that sent them abroad calls them home, the 

 appointments being made for a limited period, 

 varying in length according to the remoteness 

 of the field, from one to three years, generally 

 about two years. While at work, the mission- 

 aries are directed from some central superin- 

 tendence if in Europe, from Liverpool, with 

 the addition of provincial sub-direction ; if in 

 the United States, by some one set to super- 

 vise the work in each State or group of States. 

 Provision is made for the free transportation 

 of the converts to the United States, and an 

 account is kept in the Bank of England for 

 that purpose. During the last five years more 

 than eight hundred elders, or an average of 

 about one hundred and sixty a year, have been 

 sent out from Utah as missionaries. In 1880, 

 the semi-centennial year of the Mormon Church, 

 the number was 216; in 1881, it was 189, be- 

 sides 79 who were sent to Arizona. Of the 



