882 



INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



C6; purpose and hopes of tbe movement, 65, 66; tenets 

 set forth, 66; fifty-first anniversary, proceedings of, 60; 

 extension of work, 66, 67 ; principles, etc., 67 ; reforms 

 sought, 67. 



Brazil, Empire of. (See "Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1878.) 

 Royal family, officers of Government, presidents of prov- 

 inces, 67; United States Minister, 6S; army and navy, 

 68, 69 ; new gunboat, 6S, 69 ; revenue, expenditures, na- 

 tional debt, commerce, 69, 70 ; coffee-culture, importance 

 of, 70, 71 ; new line of steamers, 71 ; agriculture, 71 ; 

 principal clauses of electoral reform bill, 71, 72; elections 

 and results, 72, 73; efforts in favor of emancipation law 

 of 1S71, and against slave introductions, 72, 73. 



BROWNING, ORVILLE II. American lawyer and statesman, 

 78; sketch of life and services, 78. 



Bulgaria. (See "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1878.) Prince 

 Alexander I, 78; area, population, etc., 78; change of 

 Constitution in 1831,78; disputes and discord between 

 the Prince and the National Assembly and leaders, 73, 74; 

 administration of finances, 74; Alexander summons a 

 great National Assembly, 75; course pursued, 75; views 

 of the Russian and Austrian Governments, 75 ; intrigues 

 of Russia, 75; Constitution annulled July 13th, 76. 



BURCH, JOIIK C. American politician and jurist, 76; born 

 in Georgia, 76; admitted to the bar, 76; in Legislature 

 of Tennessee, 76 ; service in Confederate army, 76 ; Sec- 

 retary of United States Senate, 76. 



BCBNSIDE, AMBROSE E. American general and United States 

 Senator, 76; born in Indiana, 76; served in the Mexican 

 "War, 76; services in Federal army during the rebellion, 



76, 77; Governor of Rhode Island and United States 

 Senator, 77. 



BUBNSIDE, JOHN. Born in Ireland, 77; Southern millionaire, 



77, 78; brief sketch of, 78. 



BUZZL, PIBDBO D. Dispute between Spanish and American 

 Governments relative to his American citizenship, 615, 

 616; his case, 616; decision of the referee, 615; refusal of 

 American Government to accept it, 615; position taken 

 by Secretary Elaine, 616. 



C 



California. Meeting of the Legislature, 78; question of re- 

 pealing the debris act of the previous session, 78; effects of 

 hydraulic mining, 78, 79 ; agricultural property destroyed, 

 78; dangers ahead in Sacramento Valley, 79; reports of 

 the engineers, 79; value and importance of hydraulic 

 mining, 79, 80; remedies proposed, levees, cut-offs, and 

 dams, 80; revenue system, 80; Board of Equalization's 

 plans, etc., 80, 81 ; report on adulteration of food and 

 medicines, 81; extra session of the Legislature, 81, 62; 

 debate on organizing, 82; report of commissioners on 

 railroads, freights, fares, etc., 82 ; prison system and re- 

 sults, 82, 83; drainage act, 83; progress of the State, 83, 

 84; gold-mining, 84; wheat-crop, 84; grape-culture, 84; 

 decision on taxing certificates of stock, 84; election re- 

 turns, 84. 



Canal, fnteroceanic.(See PANAMA CANAL."! 



Cape Colony and British South Africa. Officers of Gov- 

 ernment, 84, 85 ; area and population, 85; Cape settle- 

 ments difficult to manage, 85 ; Lord Carnarvon's scheme, 

 85; Boer and Zooloo wars, 85; trouble with Basutos, 85, 

 86; course of the British toward the Boers in the Trans- 

 vaal region, 86, 87; South African Republic, 87; courage 

 and perseverance of the Boers in war with the British, 

 87, 88; negotiations and settlement of difficulties, 88; 

 meeting of the Cape Parliament, 88, 89; action, 88, 89; 

 estimates as to the cost of the Transvaal war, 862. 



CABLYLB, THOMAS. British author, 89; birth, early train- 

 ing, literary work, 89 ; marriage, 89 ; " Sartor Resartus," 



89, 90; removes to London, 90; further work, "Heroes 

 and Hero- Worship," "French Revolution," "Oliver 

 Cromwell's Letters and Speeches," " Latter- Day Pam- 

 phlets," etc., 90; elected Rector of Edinburgh Univer- 

 sity, 90 ; Carlyle as a philosopher and critic, 90, 91. 



CARPENTER, MATTHEW II. American jurist and statesman, 

 91 ; born in Vermont, 91 ; admitted to the bar, 91 ; United 

 States Senator for "Wisconsin, 91; services in Congress, 

 91. 



Census of Vie United States. (See UNITED STATES CEN- 

 SUS.) 



Chemistry. Atomic theory under discussion, 91, 92; re- 

 sults thus far, 92; atomic and molecular weights, 92; 

 variations in atomic value, 92; molecular weight of 

 hydrofluoric acid, 92, 98; Professor Mallet's experi- 

 ments, 93; atomic weight of platinum, 93; molecular 

 weights of decipium and samarium, 93 ; atomic weight 

 of aluminum and cadmium, 93, 94 ; new processes, 1)4 ; 

 tests for presence of hydrocarbon oils, 94; mode of ob- 

 tain ing pure naphthalen and magnesia from magnesium 

 chloride, 94 ; Wagner's process for determination of or- 

 ganic matter in water, 94, 95; Moore's process for sepa- 

 rating nickel and cobalt from iron, 95; Cbittenden and Don- 

 aldson's process for detecting arsenic in organized bodies, 

 95; vegetable analysis, 95, 96; a new digestive agent, 96; 

 Wurtz, on papaine, 96; report on photometric stand- 

 ards, 96; colorometric estimation of carbon in iron, 97; 

 Professor Eggertz's method, 97 ; a new vegetable color- 

 ing principle, 97 ; the West African wood, beth-a-barra, 

 97; action of sea- water on cast-iron, 97, 98; a new min- 

 eral, beegeritf (Colorado), 98; alkaloid of piturie (New 

 South Wales), 98 ; cultivation of nitric ferments, 98 ; re- 

 lations of bacteria and various gases, 98, 99 ; action of in- 

 organic substances on the circulation of living animals, 

 99 ; Dr. Blake's researches, 99 ; free fluorine, 99 ; absorp- 

 tion of nitrogen by iron, 99 ; Remsen's experiments. 99 ; 

 arsenic in wall-papers, 99, 100 ; ammonia in human sa- 

 liva, 100; gum-lac from Arizona, 100; freezing-point of 

 alcoholic mixtures, 100 ; Williams's new theory of steel, 

 100, 101. 



Chili, Republic of.- President and Cabinet, 101 ; army and 

 navy, 101 ; revenues from various sources, 101, 102 ; cost 

 of the war, and national debt, 102 ; exports and imports, 

 102 ; commercial relations with the United States (official 

 statement), 103, 104; attitude of Government toward 

 Peruvian bondholders, 104; extract from President 

 Pinto's message on public affairs, 104, 105. (For narra- 

 tive of the war, see PERU.) 



Chili, Peru, and the United States. (See PERU, CHILI, and 

 UNITED STATES.) 



China, Empire of. Area and population, 105; population 

 of chief cities. 105; foreigners in treaty ports, 105; army 

 and navy, 105, 106; revenues (nothing definite known), 

 exports and imports, 106, 107; commerce of the treaty 

 ports, 107 ; railroads, etc., 107; empress-regent, 107; war 

 with Russia imminent, 107, 108; negotiations and final 

 settlement of difficulties, 103; General Gordon's views, 

 108; Treaty of St. Petersburg, 108, 109 ; need of railroads, 

 telegraphs, etc., 109; efforts to suppress nse of opium, 

 109,110; harm done by the English Government, 110; 

 foreign commerce, 110; opium-traffic, 703, 704; revenue 

 from opium. 704 : proposed suppression or restriction of 

 the traffic. 708, 704. 



Chlorophyl, physiological function of, 110 ; Pringsheim's ex- 

 periments. 110, 111 ; hypochlorin, 111 ; apparent function 

 of chlorophyl, 111. 



Clayton- Bultcer Treaty. Provisions of treaty of 1850, be- 

 tween the United States and Great Britain, 716, 717. 



CLIFFORD, NATHAN. American jurist. 111; born in New 

 Hampshire, 111 ; public services, 111 ; Attoreey -Genera! 



