INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



887 



eral resources, etc., 222 ; Columbia Legislature, 222 ; rev- 

 enue, expenditures, and debt of Newfoundland, 222. 



DUFAUKE, JULES AKMAND STANISLAS. French ex-minister, 

 222 ; last of the statesmen of the time of Louis Philippe, 

 222 ; education, admitted to the bar, work as a statesman 

 for half a century under the various changes of Govern- 

 ment in France, 222, 228; never popular, but always 

 honest, shrewd, and reliable, 22-3. 



Dynamite Manufacture. Action of the French Academy of 

 Sciences in regard to, 223; old method dangerous, 223; 

 new process of Messrs. Boutiny and Foucher, 223; ad- 

 vantages of, 223. 



E 



Earth- Worms. Darwin's investigations into the subject, 224 ; 

 genera few, species not accurately distinguished, 224 ; di- 

 agrams of the earth-worm's structure and operations in 

 various ways, 221-227 ; description of the body of an earth- 

 worm, 224 ; sensations, intelligence, modes of working, 



224, 225 ; tower-like castings, earth brought up, results, 



225, 226; vegetable mold, 226; amount brought up by 

 worms annually, 226; examples of action in old Roman 

 ruins at Silchester and Abinger, 226, 227 ; contribute to 

 disintegration of rocks, and denudation of the land, 227 ; 

 value of their help in various ways, 227, 228. 



EATON, W. W. Senator from Connecticut, 187; on counting 

 the electoral votes, 179-182. 



Ecuador, Republic, (/.President and officers of govern- 

 ment, 228; distracted condition of the country, expendi- 

 tures greatly exceeding revenue, 228; extract from pro- 

 ceedings of English bondholders as to the national debt 

 and its extinction, 228 ; value of imports at the port of 

 Guayaquil, 229 ; tabular statement of exports, 229 ; ex- 

 ports to and imports from the United States, 229 ; ship- 

 ping movements at Guayaquil, table of, 229. 



Education, Technical, in Saxony. Mr. Felkin's descrip- 

 tion of Chemnitz's schools for artisans, etc., 229; the 

 writer a resident and manufacturer in Chemnitz, 280? 

 Industry and population of the town, 230; education in the 

 elementary schools, 280 ; who attend them, and course of 

 instruction, 230; the three technical schools, viz., the 

 Technical Institute, the Higher Weaving School, and the 

 Agricultural School, 230; how supported and managed, 

 230; subjects studied, fees, age of students, 280, 281; 

 school for foremen, and art-school, 231 ; Higher Weaving 

 School most important, has students from all parts of 

 Europe, 231 ; comparative estimate of wages in Germany 

 with those in other countries, 231. 



Egypt. Khedive of, 231 ; area and population of Egyptian 

 territory and of Egypt proper, 231 ; number of foreigners, 

 281 ; population of chief cities, 231 ; improved financial 

 condition, 281 ; debt, receipts, and expenditures, 281 ; army 

 and navy, 231 ; commerce, imports, and exports, 281, 282; 

 receipts and expenses of Suez Canal Company, 231, 282; 

 railroads and post-offices, 232 ; steps for liquidating na- 

 tional debt, 232 ; difficulties in the way, and result, 282, 

 238 ; enormous burden of debt, 283 ; reforms in government 

 due largely to Riaz Pasha, 288; efforts to arrange as to 

 taxes, survey, etc., of land ineffectual, 288 ; time for pay- 

 ment of taxes, and tax-gatherers, 238 ; tariff regulated, 2 '3, 

 234 ; compulsory service, 234; steps toward extending edu- 

 cation among the Fellahs, 234 ; the Khedive and others on 

 the civil list, 234 ; cost of the army and navy, 284 ; National 

 Board of Education, 284; prison management, judicial 

 arrangement, etc., very defective, 284; some Improve- 

 ment in the native population, 284 ; land companies, etc., 

 234 ; extensive counterfeiting operations, 2-34 ; small ex- 

 tent of lower Nile Valley and Delta compared with entire 

 dominions, 234, 285; slave- traffic not yet suppressed, 



285 ; foreign governmental control, 285 ; France and 

 England chose two comptrollers, Austria and Italy four 

 commissioners of public debt, 285; natives restive, Khe- 

 dive waiting for better times, 285, 236; Egypt the ward 

 of fourteen governments by no means acting in harmony, 

 236 ; France and England have the firmest grasp. 286; na- 

 tional movement against the Sultan and foreign domina- 

 tion, 286; mutiny of troops at Cairo, 286; causes and re- 

 sults, 286 ; change of Minister of War, 286 ; Ahmed Araby 

 Bey leader of the native cause, 286, 287 ; efforts in behalf 

 of justice and reform, 237 ; plans to unseat Rial Pasha, 

 287 ; troops under Araby Bey march to the palace and de- 

 mand the dismissal of the ministry, 287 ; success of the 

 revolt, 287; Sherif Pasha and the new ministry, 287, 288; 

 scheme of military expedition into Egypt by outsider*, 

 238; intrigues of the Sultan and the dream of Panls- 

 lamism, 238; England and France favor good govern- 

 ment under due submission to Turkey, 283; scheme for 

 local judiciary, 238; the paper "L'Egypte" suppressed, 

 238 ; national party demand constitutional government 

 and a House of Representatives, 238, 289; Assembly of 

 Notables elected by enthusiastic vote, 239; the />OMA 

 fanaticism interdicted, 239. 



Electricity, Recent Theories of.J. C. Maxwell's theory 

 that light is an electrical vibration, 239 ; ground for this 

 theory, static and kinetic states of electric energy, 289 ; 

 velocity of light-rate, of transmission of an electro-mag- 

 netic wave-disturbance, 289 ; two great groups of phe- 

 nomena, 239; great service of Maxwell, 289; Faraday 

 suspected light and electricity to be related, 239 ; result 

 of his labors, 239 ; main fact, the Identical value of the 

 velocity of light and the constant expressing the rate at 

 which magnetic wave - disturbance would travel, 239 ; 

 some phenomena not yet explained, 289, 240; experiments 

 of Helmholtz and others support this theory, 240 ; views 

 of Thompson, Jamin, and other physicists, 240 ; hold 

 electricity to be a third entity, distinct from matter and 

 from energy, 240; if so, it would fulfill all function! as- 

 cribed to interstellar and intermolecular ether, 240; light 

 would then be a vibration of this elastic medium, 240; 

 heat explained in this connection, 240 ; phenomena of 

 radiant energy, 240; behavior of electricity like an In- 

 compressible fluid, 240; electrification of the earth rela- 

 tively to the surrounding space, 240. 



Elements, CompottUt Nature of the. Most of the chemical 

 elements held to be compound bodies, 240; all resolvable 

 into simple gases, or perhaps one single ultimate form of 

 matter, 240 ; the many forms of matter assumed to have 

 been progressively developed, 240 ; the so-called elements 

 resist all efforts to decompose them, 240 ; enter In definite 

 proportions into chemical compounds, 240 ; expectation 

 of discovering the compound character of some of the 

 substances on the earth, 241 ; what can not be taken for 

 granted, 241 ; heat developed by molecular partloU-n, 941 ; 

 universal law, mutual attraction of bodies, 241 ; primary 

 gases, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, 241; discovery of 

 oxygen in the sun, 241 ; nebular spectra, 241 ; an un- 

 known element, 241 ; theory as stated by Mr. L. F. 

 Ward, 241, 242; what the theory account* for and 

 explains, 242 ; Interstellar ether, 242 ; evolution in all 

 known forms of matter, 243; hypothesis of variable mo- 

 lecular groupings, 242 ; allotropl.im, how explained, 842 ; 

 phenomena of polymcristn, 242 ; bright lines In the spec- 

 tra, 242 ; brightest htars only few prominent lin<>, 84i ; 

 fluted spectra, 242; spectrum analyse* of Locky or, 848; 

 latest theories of upectroMopy, 249 ; different type* of 

 spectra show relative complexity of molecule*, 948. 

 Elevated Railroads, Mu> York. Consolidation, 659; legal 



contests, 059, 660. 

 Engintering. Vast engineering worki In progreM, 948; 



