BRAZIL. 



and Sandakan, and Datu Bandahara. The 

 treaty gives them authority to acquire, by pur- 

 chase or other means, other lands besides those 

 ceded. 



The company took formal possession of the 

 territory soon after receiving the grants in 

 1877. A deputy of each of the Sultans accom- 

 panied the representative of the association on 

 a voyage around the coast. In each of the six 

 places at which they landed the chiefs and 

 people were called together to listen to a proc- 

 lamation announcing the grant, and enjoining 

 them to obey the new authorities. The com- 

 pany established factories at several points on 

 the coast. The results of the new rule were 

 salutary. Trade and production were stimu- 

 lated, and piracy decreased rapidly. 



BRAZIL (IMPEEIO DO BRAZIL). (For de- 

 tails relating to area, territorial divisions, popu- 

 lation, etc., reference may be made to the " An- 

 nual Cyclopaedia " for 1878.) 



The Emperor is Dom Pedro II, born Decem- 

 ber 2, 1825 ; proclaimed April 7, 1831 ; regency 

 until July 23, 1840 ; crowned July 18, 1841 ; 

 married September 4, 1843, to Theresa Chris- 

 tina Maria, daughter of the late King Francis I 

 of the Two Sicilies. 



The Cabinet in 1882 was composed of the 

 following Ministers: President of the Coun- 

 cil and Minister of Finance, Councilor A. S. C. 

 Martinho ; Interior, Councilor R. E. S. Dantas ; 

 Justice, Councilor M. S. Mafra; Foreign Affairs, 

 Councilor F. F. De Sa ; Navy, Councilor A. C. 

 De Rocha ; War, Councilor A. A. M. Penna ; 

 Public Works, Commerce, and Agriculture, 

 Councilor M. A. De Aranjo. 



The Council of State was composed of the 

 following members in ordinary : The Princess 

 Imperial, Donna Isabel; Prince G-aston d'Or- 

 16ans, Count d'Eu; the Senators Viscount de 

 Abaete, Viscount de Muritiba, Viscount de 

 Bom Retiro; Viscount de Jaguary; Viscount 

 de Nictheroy, Viscount J. J. Teixeira, Vice- 

 Admiral J. R. de Lamare, and Dr. P. J. de 

 Soares de Souza ; and of members extraordi- 

 nary : Senator Viscount de Paranagua, Senator 

 M. P. S. Dantas, Councilor Martin Francisco, 

 Viscount de Prados, and Councilor J. C. de 

 Andrade. 



The President of the Senate, which com- 

 prises 58 members elected for life, was Baron 

 de Cotegipe, and the Vice-President, Count 

 de Baependy. The President of the Chamber 

 of Deputies, with 122 members elected for four 

 years, was Councilor J. F. de Moura; and the 

 Vice-President, J. L. Lima Duarte. 



The Presidents of the several provinces were 

 as follow : 



Alagoas, Dr. J. R. Torres : Amazonas, Dr. 

 J. L. da Cunha Paranagua; Bahia, Councilor 

 Pedro Luiz P. da Souza ; Ceara, Dr. S. B. Pi- 

 mentel; Espirito Santo, Dr. H. M. Inglez de 

 Sousa ; G-oyaz, Dr. C. P. de Magalhaes ; Maran- 

 hao, Dr. J. M. de Freitas ; Matto-Grosso, Colo- 

 nel J. M. de Alencastro ; Minas-Geraes, Th. 

 Oltoni ; Para, Dr. J. R. Chaves ; Parahyba, 



Dr. M. Ventura B. ; Parana, Dr. C. A. de Car- 

 valho ; Pernambuco, Councilor J. L. Barroyo ; 

 Piauhy, Dr. M. J. A. Castro ; Rio Grande do 

 Norte, Dr. F. G. C. Barreto ; Rio de Janeiro, 

 Dr. B. A. Gaviao P. ; Santa Catharina, Dr. E. F. 

 L. Santos ; Sao Paulo, Councilor F. C. S. Bran- 

 dao ; Sao Pedro do Sul, Dr. J. L. Godoy V. ; 

 Sergipe, Dr. J. A. do Nascimento. 



The Archbishop of Bahia, the Right Rev. 

 L. A. dos Santos (1880), is Primate of all Brazil ; 

 and there are eleven bishops: those of Para, 

 Sao Luiz, Fortaleza, Olinda, Rio de Janeiro, 

 Sao Paulo, Porto Alegre, Marianna, Diaman- 

 tina, Goyaz, and Cuyaba. 



ARMY. Pursuant to the law of February 

 27, 1875, military service is obligatory for 

 Brazilian subjects, while admitting numerous 

 exemptions and substitutions. The period of 

 service in the regular army is six years, and in 

 the reserve three years. The strength in time 

 of peace is 13,000 ; the army counted, in 1882, 

 1,743 officers and 11,368 men; the regulation 

 war strength was to be fixed at 32,000. 



NAVY. The navy, in 1882, consisted of ten 

 iron- and steel-clads, one steam-frigate, seven 

 steam-corvettes, sixteen steam-gunboats, and 

 five steam-transports, one sailing-corvette, and 

 two sail -avisos, together forty -two vessels; 

 manned by 3,567 men, carrying altogether 166 

 guns, and having a joint horse-power of 8,660 ; 

 building, two iron- and steel-clads and one gun- 

 boat. The personnel of the navy was composed 

 of 15 superior officers, 412 officers of the first 

 class, 73 men forming the sanitary corps, 92 

 pursers, 50 guardians, and 184 machinists. Im- 

 perial Marine Corps, 2,698 men; Naval Battal- 

 ion, 214 men; apprentices, 997; total, 4,735 

 men. 



FINANCES. The actual revenue of the em- 

 pire during the fiscal year 1878-'79, according 

 to the accounts rendered in 1882, has been 116,- 

 460,981 milreis, while the expenditure proves 

 to have been 181,468,557. 



The budget estimate for 1882-'83 is set forth 

 as follows : 



Milreis. 



. . 123,283,000 

 1,200,000 

 3,000,000 



Total 127,4S3~000 



OUTLAY. Milreii. 



Ministry of the Interior 9,332,418 



" Justice 6,T6T,000 



Foreign Affairs 919,906 



" War 14,436,076 



Navy 10,695,296 



Agriculture and Commerce 28,238,506 



" Finance 61,944,916 



Total 127,234,118 



The expenditure authorized to be made dur- 

 ing the fiscal year 1883-'84 runs up 129,823,- 

 825 milreis, and differs little in the various 

 items from those above given. In the mean 

 time the Government has placed on the London 

 market a 4 per cent loan for 4,000,000, 

 through the Messrs. Rothschild, which was 

 placed at 89. 



INCOME 

 Ordinary and extraordinary revenue . . . 



Emancipation fund 



Deposits 



