CRIMINAL JURISDICTION" IK THE UNITED STATES. 



179 



which would be at the rate of more than This is more than the power actually used, 

 twenty-four horse-power to the 1,000 spindles, probably by one third. 



STATISTICS OF SPECIFIC COTTON MANUFACTURES. 



STATISTICS OF SPECIAL MILLS. Mills em- 

 ployed in working raw cotton, waste, or cotton- 

 yarn into hose, webbing, tapes, fancy fabrics, 

 or mixed goods, or other fabrics, which are not 

 sold as specific manufactures either of cotton 



or wool ; some work both fibers, but belong 

 more in the class of cotton manufactures than 

 in tbe class of wool manufactures. The num- 

 ber of establishments is 249 ; bales of cotton 

 consumed, 40,597 ; cost, $2,338,385. 



CRIMINAL JURISDICTION IN THE 

 UNITED STATES. An effort was made, in 

 the preparation of the census of 1880, to pro- 

 cure such information as would show the sys- 

 tem of courts of criminal jurisdiction estab- 

 lished in the several States, and for the United 

 States. 



UNITED STATES COUETS. The Supreme Court 

 consists of nine judges, who are nominated by 

 the President and confirmed by the Senate. 

 They hold their office during good behavior, 

 and can be removed by impeachment. Their 

 names, and that of the State from which each 

 was appointed, were as follows in 1880 : Chief- 

 Justice Morrison R. Waite, of Ohio. Associ- 

 ate-JusticesHorace Gray, of Massachusetts; 

 Noah H. Swayne, of Ohio ; Samuel F. Miller, 

 of Iowa ; Stephen J. Field, of California ; Wil- 

 liam B. Woods, of Georgia ; Joseph P. Bradley, 

 of New Jersey ; Ward Hunt, of New York ; and 

 John M. Harlan, of Kentucky. The States are 

 divided into fifty -nine districts, in each of 

 which, with four exceptions, a circuit court is 

 also held ; and each justice is required to sit as 

 a circuit justice at least one term in two years. 

 There is also a Supreme Court of the District 

 of Columbia, and also of each of the Terri- 

 tories. Of the former there are six judges, 

 and of the latter twenty-five judges. In addi- 

 tion, there are nineteen hundred and thirteen 



commissioners appointed by the circuit courts. 

 These issue warrants, make preliminary exami- 

 nations, and commit or hold to bail offenders 

 against the United States. State magistrates 

 also have power to arrest, commit, or hold to 

 bail, offenders against the United States. As 

 there are no United States circuit or district 

 courts in the Territories, the functions of these 

 courts are exercised by the Supreme Courts 

 of the Territories. 



STATE COURTS. The State courts embraced 

 in the returns are those which have original 

 or appellate criminal jurisdiction. Original 

 criminal jurisdiction is not possessed by certain 

 courts, except the power to issue writs. This 

 is generally the case with the courts of last re- 

 sort, known in most States as the Supreme 

 Court (but in Alabama, Kentucky, Maryland, 

 New York, and Texas, as the Court of Ap- 

 peals; in Connecticut, as the Supreme Court 

 of Errors ; in Maine and Massachusetts, as the 

 Supreme Judicial Court ; in New Jersey, as the 

 Court of Errors and Appeals; and in West 

 Virginia, as the Supreme Court of Appeals). 



In a number of States, judges of the highest 

 court are ex-officio judges also of some court of 

 inferior jurisdiction: as the Superior Court, in 

 Connecticut ; the Courts of Oyer and Terminer 

 and of General Sessions, in Delaware ; the 

 Court of Oyer and Terminer, in New York 



