DOMINION OF CANADA. 



213 



There were 21,394 persons of African origin, 

 of whom 7,062 were in Nova Scotia, 1,638 in 

 New Brunswick, and 12,097 in Ontario ; 4,383 

 of Chinese origin, all but 33 in British Colum- 

 bia; 30,412 of Dutch, 1,009 of Icelandic (773 

 in Manitoba), 1,849 of Italian, 667 of Jewish, 

 1,227 of Russian and Polish, 4,214 of Scandi- 

 navian, 1,172 of Spanish and Portuguese, 4,588 

 of Swiss, and 9,947 of Welsh origin ; 2,780 of 

 various origins ; origin not given, 40,806. Of 

 the inhabitants, 3,715,492 were born in the 

 Dominion (101,047 in Prince Edward Island, 

 420,088 in Nova Scotia, 288,265 in New Bruns- 

 wick, 1,327,809 in Quebec, 1,467,988 in On- 

 tario, 19,590 in Manitoba, 32,275 in British 

 Columbia, and 58,430 in the Territories), 4,596 

 in Newfoundland, 814 in the Channel Islands, 

 2,733 in other British possessions, 4,389 in 

 France, 25,328 in Germany (23,270 being in 

 Ontario), 777 in Italy, 6,376 in Russia and Po- 

 land (5,651 being in Manitoba), 215 in Spain 

 and Portugal, 2,076 in Sweden, Norway, and 

 Denmark, 7,455 in other countries, 380 at sea ; 

 place of birth not given, 6,334. 



The cities and towns of over 5,000 inhabit- 

 ants are shown below : 



POPULATION. 



CRIME. The criminal statistics of Canada, 

 officially reported for 1880, show that 40,874 

 persons were charged with, and 28,209 con- 

 victed of, criminal offenses. There were 6,622 

 charged with offenses against the person, and 

 4,507 convicted; 350 charged with offenses 

 against property with violence, and 176 con- 

 victed; 4,563 charged with offenses against 

 property without violence, and 2,380 con- 

 victed ; 1,055 charged with malicious offenses 

 against property, and 638 convicted; 125 

 charged with forgery, etc., and 41 convicted. 

 Of specific offenses, 32 were accused, and 5 

 convicted, of murder ; 18 accused, and 8 con- 

 victed, of manslaughter ; 47 convicted of as- 

 sault with murderous intent; 9 of rape, 18 



of endangering the safety of railroad-passen- 

 gers, 4 of concealing births, 5 of abortion, 4 of 

 bigamy, 3,957 of assault and battery, 53 of 

 burglary, 2,248 of larceny, 41 of counterfeit- 

 ing, 8,438 of drunkenness. There were 5 ex- 

 ecuted, 2 sentenced to imprisonment for life, 

 and 90 for five years and over. The occupa- 

 tions of the convicts were reported as follows: 

 Agricultural, 998; commercial, 3,307; domes- 

 tic, 1,563 ; industrial, 4,100 ; professional, 228; 

 laborers, 7,213. There were 16,856 residents 

 of towns against 3,059 from the rural districts ; 

 7,683 married, 1,242 widowed, and 11,269 

 single; 10,286 reported as Roman Catholics, 

 2,496 as Church of England, 1,508 Presby- 

 terians, 1,406 Methodists, and 507 Baptists. 



COMMEBOE. The total volume of the foreign 

 trade of Canada, in spite of the restrictive tariff, 

 was larger in 1881-'82 than in any previous 

 year. The exports amounted in round num- 

 bers to $101,000,000, and the imports to $119,- 

 500,000. The value of exports and of imports, 

 with the duties collected upon them each year 

 since confederation, is given below to indicate 

 the fluctuations of Canadian commerce and 

 the economical and fiscal effects of the new 

 tariff which went into operation in 1879 : 



Although the national policy has not suc- 

 ceeded in altering the adverse balance of trade 

 which was deplored by its promoters, it has 

 accomplished the object aimed at of reversing 

 the relative positions of Great Britain and the 

 United States in Canadian commerce. The 

 United States, however, still enjoy a large 

 trade with the Dominion, aggregating in 1881 

 $73,000,000 according to the Canadian returns, 

 and $89,000,000 according to the American 

 figures, which include Newfoundland. The 



* About. 



