GARIBALDI, GIUSEPPE. 



329 



better success, taking fortresses by storm and 

 beating squadrons, until misfortune again over- 

 took him. While going to the support of the 

 inhabitants of the Island of Santa Caterina, 

 who were about to take part in the revolution, 

 his ship went to pieces on a rock off the coast. 

 Half of his crew were drowned. Not one of 

 his seven devoted Italian comrades was saved. 

 On this island the ship- 

 wrecked commander met 

 the Brazilian woman, Ani- 

 ta, who, through all the 

 storms and perils of his 

 subsequent career, was 

 ever at his side, until she 

 succumbed to the hard- 

 ships and privations which 

 she bore like a soldier. 

 Taking command of one 

 of three new vessels built 

 for the republic, Garibaldi 

 began a new series of dar- 

 ing exploits. The fortunes 

 of the republic waned at 

 the time when Garibaldi's 

 oldest son, Menotti, was 

 born, on September 16, 

 1840. After the disastrous 

 retreat of Las Antas, on 

 which he was accompanied 

 by Anita, carrying her new- 

 born babe, Garibaldi lost 

 heart in the ill-conducted 

 war, and retired from the 

 service of the Republic of 

 Rio Grande. 



He settled in Montevideo 

 as a general broker and 

 a teacher of mathematics. 

 War soon broke out be- 

 tween the Republic of Uru- 

 guay and Buenos Ayres. 

 Garibaldi was solicited to 

 take a command by the Uruguay Government. 

 He had envious rivals, however, who plotted to 

 have him assassinated, with his friend Anzani. 

 Through their machinations he was given a 

 small squadron on the Parana, which was anni- 

 hilated, as was intended, by a superior Argen- 

 tine force. Escaping, with everything lost but 

 honor, Garibaldi, in the darkest hour of the 

 republic, organized his famous Italian Legion, 

 whose blood has sprinkled a hundred battle- 

 fields in both hemispheres. The band of four 

 hundred legionaries immediately won distinc- 

 tion. Garibaldi was able to announce to the 

 Government that the victories of Boyada and 

 San Antonio were due to their valor. They 

 refused grants of land after the war, and were 

 given the place of honor in every review. 



In 1847, when the Pope was expected to 

 head the cause of the deliverance of Italy from 

 Austrian dominion, Garibaldi offered the ser- 

 vices of his legion to Pius IX. On the 15th of 

 April, 1848, he landed in Italy with his lieu- 

 tenant Anzani, who died after landing, and 



eighty-five men, leaving the rest of his guard 

 to follow as soon as they could. The Austrians 

 had been expelled from Milan, and the Vene- 

 tians had declared their independence. Pro- 

 ceeding to the Sardinian King, Charles Albert, 

 Garibaldi was coldly received. When, after 

 the defeat at Custozza, Charles Albert accepted 

 an armistice, abandoning Loinbardy to the Aus- 



GITJSEPPE OAKIBALDI. 



trians. Garibaldi cast his lot with Mazzini, and 

 organized a force of five thousand volunteers, 

 with which to engage in the " war of the peo- 

 ple," who had been betrayed by their royal 

 standard-bearer. The attempt to rally the peo- 

 ple to the desperate cause was unsuccessful, and 

 after a few skirmishes about Lake Maggiore, 

 Garibaldi, with the remnant of his band, num- 

 bering three hundred, and in broken health, 

 withdrew to Lugano, in Switzerland. 



A few months later he was enlisted in an- 

 other cause. The Romans had caused the 

 Pope to flee, and proclaimed a republic, with 

 Mazzini at the head. When the French troops 

 came to re-establish the authority of the Pon- 

 tiff, Garibaldi found plenty of Italians ready to 

 engage with him in defending the national soil 

 from the foreign invaders. He drove the French 

 from Porta Pancrazio, April 29 and 30, 1849, 

 and defeated the Neapolitans in the Velletri 

 campaign. Then, in the terrible siege of Rome, 

 many of his bravest soldiers lost their lives, 

 and he was obliged to abandon the city to the 



