410 INDEBTEDNESS OF THE UNITED STATES, OF THE STATES, ETC. 



* The taxes of townships are not included in this sum. Township officers, in so many cases, combined the school-dis- 

 trict taxes with those of the township proper, that it was found necessary to ignore the reports made by them. The taxes 

 of the township proper thus omitted in the detailed exhibit of States and in the above summary are estimated as follow : 

 Indiana, $1,500,000; Illinois, $5,302,605; Wisconsin, $1,750,000; Iowa, $800,000; Minnesota, $540,349 ; Kansas, $564,829. 

 These amounts being added to the taxes of corporations exhibited in the tables give the following sums as the total taxation 

 of minor civil divisions for local purposes: Indiana, $5,818,633; Illinois, $16,112,020; Wisconsin, $5,134,882 ; Iowa, $5,954,- 

 229; Minnesota, $2,275,769; Kansas, $2,035,633; and for the group of Western States, $69,999,071. The total taxation of 

 the States under consideration is thus increased to the following amounts (the total of Minnesota being further enlarged as 

 explained afterward) : Indiana, $12,343,630 ; Illinois, $24,586,018 ; Wisconsin, $7,588,325; Iowa, $11,061,605; Minnesota, $4,- 

 346,300; Kansas, $4,979,650; and the grand total of the group of Western States to $129,117,979. The total taxation for the 

 United States of minor civil divisions for local purposes is thus increased to $191,031,951, and the grand total of all taxation 

 for the United States to $312,750,721. It is to be noted in regard to Minnesota that a special State tax (not shown in the 

 tables) laid in the census year upon certain counties, known as the "seed-grain" tax, amounting to $92,244, is likewise in- 

 cluded in arriving at the total taxation of that State. 



It thus appears that the amount of the as- 

 sessed valuation is $16,902,993,543; and the 

 total amount of State and local taxation is 

 $302,200,694. If to this amount of taxation 

 there is added the taxation by the Government 

 of the Uuited States, which is laid entirely on 

 personal property, and consists of the re- 

 ceipts from internal revenue for the fiscal year 

 ending June 30, 188] ($135,234,385), and the 

 receipts from customs for the same period 

 ($198,159,676), the gross amount of money 

 drawn from the people in 1880-'81, to defray 

 the expenses of their civil and political insti- 

 tutions, was $635,624,755. This taxation is 

 about three fourths of one per cent of the val- 



uation, and amounts to $10.81 for every man, 

 woman, and child in the country. 



NATIONAL DEBTS OF THE WORLD. A very 

 large proportion of the debts of the civilized 

 world have accumulated since 1848, at which 

 date the aggregate was placed by the best au- 

 thorities at $7,627,692,215. In 1860 they had 

 increased to $10,399,341,688 ; 'in 1870 to $17,- 

 117,640,428; and, in 1880, to $23,286,414,753. 



DEBT OF FRANCE. France has the largest 

 national debt, which amounts to $3,829,982,- 

 399. At the fall of the first Napoleon it amount- 

 ed to $141,635,200. It has chiefly increased by 

 expensive wars. The Crimean War cost France 

 about $450,000,000. 



