442 JEVONS, WILLIAM S. 



KANSAS. 



necessary for the redemption of the forced pa- 

 per currency, the extinction of the puhlic debt, 

 and the accomplishment of the important in- 

 ternal reforms which have been undertaken by 

 the Government. Having appealed in vain to 

 the British Government for the revision of the 

 treaties, they propose to call a conference at 

 Berne between representatives of Japan and 

 of the European states to agree upon a com- 

 mon basis for new treaty arrangements. The 

 commercial concessions granted, through the 

 violent proceedings of Commodore Perry, to 

 the United States in 1854, were promptly 

 taken advantage of by England, which, how- 

 ever, demanded far harsher conditions from 

 the intimidated Shogun. Instead of the gen- 

 eral import duty of 20 per cent ad valorem in 

 Commodore Perry's treaty, the treaty extract- 

 ed by Lord Elgin in 1858 restricts the tariff on 

 cotton and woolen manufactures to 5 per cent. 



The case of O'Neil, tried for murder and con- 

 victed of manslaughter by the United States 

 consul at Hiogo, and afterward pardoned by 

 the President, called up in Congress the ques- 

 tion of the constitutionality of the laws confer- 

 ring, in virtue of treaty arrangements, criminal 

 jurisdiction on consuls, vice-consuls, and min- 

 isters in Japan, China, and other countries of 

 the East. Murders are almost never punished 

 by these extra-territorial courts, because uni- 

 versal feeling demands the verdict of a jury. 



JEVONS, WILLIAM STANLEY, English econo- 

 mist, was drowned while bathing in the sea, 

 near St. Leonard's, on August 13th. Professor 

 Jevons was the son of an iron-merchant, and 

 was born September 1, 1835. His mother was 

 the daughter of the author William Roscoe, 

 and herself wrote poetry. Her son was edu- 

 cated in the Mechanics' Institution High-School 

 at Liverpool and at University College, Lon- 



don. From 1853 to 1858 he was assayer to the 

 Eoyal Mint in Sydney, Australia. He devoted 

 his leisure to scientific observations, the fruit 

 of which was " Data concerning the Climate of 

 Australia and New Zealand." Returning to 

 England, he completed his studies at Univer- 

 sity College, graduating with honors and be- 

 coming a Fellow. In 1866 he was appointed 

 Professor of Logic and Philosophy, and Cobden 

 Lecturer on Political Economy, in Owens Col- 

 lege, Manchester. He published before this 

 date works which established his fame as a 

 thinker, a treatise on the "Value of Gold," 

 one on the "Theory of Political Economy," and 

 one on the "Coal Question." In the latter 

 work he took the ground that the coal-supply 

 in Great Britain would eventually become ex- 

 hausted. His theory excited so much discus- 

 sion that a royal commission was appointed to 

 investigate the subject. Another work of the 

 earlier period treated of " Pure Logic, or the 

 Logic of Quality." After his connection with 

 Owens College he published in 1869 his "Sub- 

 stitution of Similars the True Principle of Rea- 

 soning"; in 1870, "Elementary Lessons in 

 Logic"; in 1871, the "Theory of Political Econ- 

 omy " ; in 1874, the " Principles of Science " ; 

 and, subsequently, " Money and the Mechan- 

 ism of Exchange." In 1876 he left Owens Col- 

 lege to take the professorship of Political Econ- 

 omy in University College, London. A year 

 before his death he gave up professorial duties 

 to devote himself entirely to writing. In the 

 " Principles of Science" were expounded his 

 logical theories, which were a development of 

 the mathematical method first applied by Boole. 

 The " Theory of Political Economy " is the 

 application of the same methods of reasoning 

 to economics, and embodies his ripest ideas of 

 the fundamental principles of that science. 



KANSAS. STATE GOVERNMENT. The State 

 officers during the year were as follow : Gov- 

 ernor, John P. St. John, Republican ; Lieuten- 

 ant-Governor, D. W. Finney; Secretary of 

 State, James Smith ; Treasurer, John Francis ; 

 Auditor, P. J. Bonebrake ; Attorney-General, 

 W. A. Johnston ; Adjutant-General, P. S. No- 

 ble ; Superintendent of Public Instruction, H. 

 C. Speer ; Secretary of Board of Agriculture, 

 F. D. Coburn ; Insurance Commissioner, Orrin 

 T. Welch ; State Librarian, H. J. Dennis. Ju- 

 diciary, Supreme Court : Chief-Justice, Albert 

 H. Horton ; Associate Justices, David J. Brewer 

 and D. M. Valentine. 



GENERAL CONDITION. Referring to the gen- 

 eral condition of the State at the close of the 

 year, the new Governor, in his message to the 

 Legislature, says : 



An abundant harvest has rewarded the husband- 

 man for his labor ; the stock interests of the State 



nave been prosperous and remunerative, while labor 

 has been fairly rewarded. All business has been 

 reasonably productive, while the material wealth of 

 the State has steadily and fairly increased, and demon- 

 strates in an eminent and satisfactory manner that 

 our State, while yet in its infancy, is capable of a de- 

 velopment that will surprise the thoughtless, and 

 create wonder and admiration in the minds of those 

 who can appreciate the grand development of the past 

 and contemplate its capabilities for the future. 



The Secretary of the State Board of Agriculture 

 shows in his report that our wheat-crop was over 35,- 

 000,000 bushels, worth over $24,000,000, and over 

 157,000,000 bushels of corn, worth nearly $53,000,000, 

 with a value of our cereal crops alone over $83,000,- 

 000, and a total value of all farm products of $108,177,- 

 520.93, while our live-stock interests represent a 

 cash value of $83,874,530, making a showing of the 

 capabilities of our young State that we can all re- 

 joice at. 



FINANCES. The cash in the Treasury at the 

 close of the fiscal year amounted to $644,323.- 

 76, belonging to the several funds as follows: 



