502 



MANUFACTURES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



The census statistics of cotton manufactures 

 include first specific cotton goods and second 

 the products of special mills. The former 

 comprise those establishments which manu- 

 facture cotton into a fabric known and sold 

 under that name. The classification includes 

 spinning-spindles making yarn for mixed goods, 

 and spindles appurtenant to looms on which 

 cotton is woven into cotton cloth. It excludes 

 nearly but not quite ail hosiery- mills, and all 

 mills known as woolen-mills, even though cot- 

 ton may be the component material of chief 

 value in the fabrics made in them. The re- 

 turns of specific cotton manufactures for the 

 United States, and also for New England, the 

 chief seat of the industry, are : 



In New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 

 Delaware, and Maryland there were 139 mills, 

 with 1,391,164 spindles and 27,318 looms, and 

 an invested capital of $31,014,759. The mills 

 in these States consumed in the census year 

 228,729 bales of cotton, and made products 

 valued at $29,389,286. In the Southern States 

 there were 161 mills, with 542,048 spindles 

 and 11,898 looms. They had 16,317 hands 

 employed, used 182,349 bales of cotton, and 

 turned out goods valued at $16,356,598. 



The statistics of special manufactures include 

 the products of special mills working raw cot- 



ton, waste, or cotton yarn into hose, webbing, 

 tapes, fancy fabrics or mixed goods, or other 

 fabrics which are not sold as specific manu- 

 factures of either cotton or wool. Some mills 

 work both fibers, but are more properly to be 

 considered as manufactories of cotton than of 

 wool. 



The number of special mills returned in the 

 United States was 249. They had 60,242 spin- 

 dles and 4,025 looms; employed 12,928 oper- 

 atives, who received $3,573,909 in wages ; con- 

 sumed 40,597 bales of cotton; and made 

 products valued at $18,860,273, with an invest- 

 ed capital of $11,224,448. Including both of 

 the above-named branches of this industry, the 

 aggregate statistics of cotton manufacture are : 

 number of establishments, 1,005 ; capital in- 

 vested, $219,504,794; hands employed, 185,- 

 472 ; wages paid during the year, $45,614,419 ; 

 value of materials, $113,765,537; value of 

 products, $210,950,383. 



Mr. Edward Atkinson, the special agent, 

 concludes his report on specific cotton manu- 

 factures in these words: "When it is remem- 

 bered that a larger portion of the population 

 of the globe is now clothed in cotton fabrics 

 made by hand, and that even those who use 

 machine-made fabrics are served as yet with 

 less than half as much cloth as the people of 

 this country average in each year, the future 

 field for industry and commerce in this depart- 

 ment may be imagined, but can not be proved 

 by statistics, or by any deductions from census 

 data." 



The statistics of manufactures from wool in 

 the United States during the year ended May 

 31, 1880, are given in the following table. 

 With hosiery and knit goods are here included 

 woolen, cotton, and mixed hosiery, and wool- 

 en, cotton, and mixed knit goods. 



Of the 1,990 establishments manufacturing 

 woolen goods, reported below, 570 were only 

 carding-mills ; 233 others used not over 5,000 

 pounds of wool each, and 158 used from 5,000 

 to 10,000 pounds of wool each: 



(For detailed statistics of silk manufactures, and also of iron and steel, see article on UNITED 



. STATES, in "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1881.) 



* Under "woolen goods" are included blankets, cloths, The manufactures of twenty principal cities 



SM^^JBESPLSarkiE were reported as follows by the census of 



shawls, woolen yarn, etc., and woolen rolls. 1880 : 



