542 



MEXICO. 



M. Utrilla; Chihuahua, L. Terrazas; Federal 

 District, R. Fernandez; Durango, F. G. de 

 Palacios; Guanajuato, M. Ledo; Guerrero, 

 General D. Alvarez; Hidalgo, S. Craviato; 

 Jalisco, P. Landazurri, ad interim; Mexico, 

 J. Zabieta; Michoacan, P. Dorantes; Morelos, 

 C. Quaglia; Nuevo Leon, G. Garza Garcia; 

 Oajaca, General Porfirio Diaz; Puebla, Gen- 

 eral Mendez; Queretaro, F. G. Cosio; San 

 Luis Potosi, P. Diaz Gutierrez; Sinaloa, M. 

 Castro; Sonora, C. Ortiz; Tabasco, M. Fou- 

 cher; Tamaulipas, A. Canales; Territory of 

 Lower California, General J. M. Rangel ; Tlas- 

 cala, Grajales; Vera Cruz, A. Castillo; Yu- 

 catan, General Rosada; and Zacatecas, Gen- 

 eral Arechegui. 



The Governors of States are elected for a 

 term of four years. The Governor of the Ter- 

 ritory of Lower California is appointed by the 

 Federal Government. 



The army in 1882 was composed as follows : 



The navy consists of four gunboats. The 

 national and State finances, as shown by the 

 budget estimates for the current year, exhibit 

 the following details : 



REVENUE. 



Budget of 1882-'83. 



Custom-house $ 15,000,000 



Custom-house at Mexico and town dues 2,000,000 



Stamp dues 4,000,000 



Direct taxes 900,000 



Mint 690,000 



Instruction Fund 60,000 



Post-Office and telegraphs 650,000 



Lottery 800,000 



New tobacco and stamp taxes 2,000,000 



Sundry incomes 1,000,000 



Income of the individual States 7,500,000 



Grand total $34,600,000 



EXPENDITURE. 

 The Legislature $1,071,712 



The Executive.. 

 Supreme Court.. 

 Foreign Affairs 



Interior 3,235,118 



Justice and Public Instruction 1,215,473 



Public Works 7,551,683 



Finance 4,648,377 



Army and Navy 8,514,478 



Expenditure in the different States 7,500,000 



Grand total $34,511,507 



The city expenses of 1,411 municipalities, 

 amounting in the aggregate to about $7,000,- 

 000, are covered by local taxes. 



The foreign debt embraces the following 

 items: English loan of October 14, 1850, $89,- 

 252,360 ; agreement of indebtedness to English 

 bondholders of December 4, 1851, $5,900,025 ; 

 ditto to Spanish, of December 6, 1853, $1,231,- 

 775 ; ditto, ditto, of November 12, 1853, $5,- 

 553,287 ; debt to the United States of July 4, 



1868, $2,775,123; together, $104, 712,570; ditto, 

 internal, $40,241,215; grand total, $144,953,- 

 785. 



THE CHIEF RAILROAD LINES. Among the 

 multitude of companies or individuals possess- 

 ing " concessions " for railroads from the Mexi- 

 can Federal Government, all may be discarded 

 at the present moment from consideration in 

 this inquiry except three: 



1. The Mexican Central Railroad Company, 

 whose main line is planned to reach from the 

 city of Mexico to Paso del Norte, on the 

 American frontier, running north ward through 

 the States of Mexico, Hidalgo, Queretaro, Gua- 

 najuato, through a corner of the State of 

 Jalisco, and through the States of Aguas Ca- 

 lientes, Zacatecas, Durango, and Chihuahua, 

 with lateral lines from the neighborhood of the 

 cities of Leon or Lagos or Aguas Calientes to 

 San Bias, on the Pacific coast, and to the neigh- 

 borhood of Tampico, upon the Gulf of Mexico. 

 The main line of this road follows pretty 

 nearly the central line of the tierrafria north- 

 ward from the capital. In Humboldt's " Views 

 of Nature " the extraordinary facilities of part 

 at least of this route for railroad-building were 

 indicated many years ago by a table he com- 

 piled of " the line of leveling from the city of 

 Mexico to Santa Fe," comprising the follow- 

 ing altitudes of cities which are on its route : 

 Mexico, 7,469 feet; Tula, 6,733; San Juan del 

 Rio, 6,490; Queretaro, 6,362; Celaya, 6,017; 

 Salamanca, 5,761; Silao, 5,911; Guanajuato 

 (which the Mexican Central reaches by a 

 branch road from Silao), 6,836; Leon, 6,133; 

 Lagos, 6,376 ; Aguas Calientes, 6,261 ; Zacate- 

 cas, 8,038; Fresnillo, 7,244; Durango, 6,848; 

 Chihuahua, 4,638, and Paso del Norte, 3,810. 



2. The Mexican National Railroad Company, 

 whose main line is planned to reach from the 

 city of Mexico to Laredo, on the American 

 frontier, running first westward toToluca, then 

 turning northward through the towns of Ma- 

 ravatio and Acambaro, crossing the Central 

 road at Celaya and extending to Laredo by 

 way of the cities of San Luis Potosi, Saltillo 

 and Monterey traversing the States of Mexi- 

 co, Michoacan, Guanajuato, San Luis Potosi, a 

 corner of Zacatecas, Nuevo Leon, and Coa- 

 huila, with a central line branching off at 

 Acambaro and running to Manzanillo on the 

 Pacific. The elevations of the cities of Saltillo 

 and San Luis Potosi above the sea are given 

 by Humboldt as respectively 5,240 and 6,090 

 feet. That of the city of Toluca he gives in 

 " Cosmos " as 8,825 feet. 



3. The Mexican Railroad Company, whose 

 main line reaches from the city of Mexico to 

 the city of Yera Cruz, running through the 

 cities of Apam, Huamantla, Maltrata, Orizaba, 

 and C6rdova, and traversing the States of Mex- 

 ico, Tlascala, Puebla, and Vera Cruz. 



The Mexican Railroad has been running 

 throughout its whole line from Vera Cruz to 

 the capital, 263 miles, since the year 1873, 

 with a branch line, twenty-nine miles long, 



