NAVIES OF EUROPE. 



573 



war, 11 gunboats, 42 transports, and a num- 

 bers of smaller vessels. The Duquesne and 

 Tourville were launched in 1876, and each 

 carries 27 guns and has a calculated speed of 

 17 knots. Among the 130 screw-steamers 

 which are really available out of a paper total 

 of 264, are 58 gunboats and 35 transports or 

 troop-ships ; among the 62 paddle-steamers are 

 11 frigates, 7 cutters, and 44 dispatch-boats. 

 Of the 113 sailing-vessels, the greater number 

 are employed as garde-peches on the fisheries 

 near the coasts of France. In addition to the 

 ships above enumerated, the following are now 



on the stocks : The Kaiman, at Toulon ; the 

 Terrible, at Brest; and the Requin, at Bor- 

 deaux. All these are armored and have fixed 

 turrets, the guns being mounted on swivels. 

 They are each of 7,168 tons displacement, and 

 are protected at the water-line by compound 

 armor 50 centimetres thick at the top and 

 diminishing to 40 centimetres. 



GERMAN NAVY. No notable additions have 

 been lately made to the strength of the German 

 navy. It contains several moderately heavy 

 armored vessels, equipped with Krupp guns. 

 The following is a list of the armored ships : 



The unarmored vessels of the German navy 

 are named in the list which follows, besides 



which there is a general service fleet of 26 cor- 

 vettes and gunboats : 



MODERN UNARMORED SHIPS OF GERMANY. 



NAVY OF ITALY. Italy has two of the heavi- 

 est armored war-ships afloat, in the Duilio and 

 Dandolo, which have each a displacement of 

 10,401 tons and over 21 inches of armor. 

 They each carry four 100-ton guns and have a 

 maximum speed of 15 knots an hour. The two 

 vessels cost about $7,000,000. Two others of 

 still greater dimensions, the Italia and the 



Lepanto, are in course of construction. In 

 the construction of the Duilio and the Dan- 

 dolo, which were double-screw turret-ships of 

 the Monitor type, each carrying four 100-ton 

 guns of Sir William Armstrong's manufacture, 

 mounted in two turrets, the Italian navy con- 

 siderably surpassed anything yet supplied to 

 the Royal Navy of Great Britain. But the 



