OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



645 



midst of a vigorous old age, came from brood- 

 ing over the antipathy to the Jews developed 

 in the Fatherland. 



BLANO, CHARLES, French art critic, died Jan- 

 uary 17th. He was born at Oastres in 1813. 

 He learned engraving, but afterward devoted 

 himself to art criticism. Except when drawn 

 aside, through sympathy with his brother, 

 Louis Blanc, into an attempt at political jour- 

 nalism, his life was given up to the critical 

 contemplation of art. His " History of Paint- 

 ers " procured his appointment as Director of 

 Fine Arts under the second republic. His 

 "Grammar of the Arts of Design" is consid- 

 ered the foundation of the scientific method of 

 art criticism, and his popular writings on ar- 

 chitecture and domestic decoration are classics 

 of art literature. 



BUEKE, THOMAS HENRY, Under-Secretary for 

 Ireland, was assassinated with the Chief Sec- 

 retary in Phoenix Park, Dublin, May 6th. He 

 was the son of an Irish gentleman who resided 

 at Bruges, and was educated in Belgium and 

 Germany. Born May 25, 1829, he received an 

 appointment in Dublin Castle at an early age, 

 and passed his life in the service of the Irish Ex- 

 ecutive. He served as private secretary to three 

 Chief Secretaries, and succeeded Sir Thomas 

 Larcom as Under-Secretary in 1868. Although 

 a Liberal, he was never displaced from office 

 by the Conservatives. To the Irish Mr. Burke 

 had early rendered himself obnoxious by his 

 zaal in the Castle service. He was identified 

 in the popular mind with many of the odious 

 measures of the Government. He was haughty 

 and reserved in demeanor, but among his own 

 associates was a cheerful companion, and 

 showed some very noble traits of character. 



CAVENDISH, Lord FREDERICK CHARLES, Chief 

 Secretary to the Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland, 

 was murdered at Dublin, May 6th. He was 

 the second son of the Duke of Devonshire, 

 was born in 1836, was educated at Trinity 

 College, Cambridge, and entered the public 

 service as private secretary to Lord Granville, 

 then Lord President of the Council, in 1859, 

 retaining the post until 1864. In 1872 he 

 served for a time as private secretary to Mr. 

 Gladstone. He sat in Parliament as represent- 

 ative for the West Biding of Yorkshire from 

 1865 to the day of his death. In 1873 he be- 

 came a Lord of the Treasury, and when Glad- 

 stone came into power again he was appointed 

 Financial Secretary to the Treasury. When 

 Forster resigned the Chief Secretaryship of 

 Ireland on May 1, 1882, the office was given to 

 Frederick Cavendish, after being first offered 

 to Mr. Porter, Irish Solicitor-General. Two 

 days after his appointment he was assassi- 

 nated. He was industrious as a public officer, 

 but seldom spoke in Parliament, except on 

 education or some such subject in which he 

 took a special interest. He showed consider- 

 able ability in the Treasury. His amiable dis- 

 position had made him many friends. 



CISSEY, ERNEST Louis COURTOT DE, French 



general and former Secretary of War, died at 

 Paris June 16th. Born at Paris December 23, 

 1810, he was educated at the military school 

 of St. Cyr, fought with distinction in Algeria, 

 was made brigadier-general for gallantry at 

 the battle of Inkerman, and commanded a di- 

 vision in the Franco-Prussian War. He was 

 chosen Secretary of War by Thiers on June 5, 

 1871, and labored energetically in reorganizing 

 the system of national defense. He gave up 

 his portfolio on May 30th, after the fall of 

 Thiers, but was recalled May 22, 1874, upon 

 the fall of the De Broglie ministry, and was 

 reappointed after the retirement of the minis- 

 ters upon the adoption of the republican con- 

 stitution of February 25, 1875. He retained 

 his portfolio in the Dufaure Cabinet, but was 

 replaced by General Berthault upon the acces- 

 sion of Jules Simon, December 13, 1876. In 

 October, 1880, General De Cissey, who had 

 been appointed a division commander, was 

 cashiered in consequence of the discovery that 

 a woman, with whom he was intimate, had 

 obtained a knowledge of important secrets 

 of the war office and communicated them to 

 the German Government. 



DEOAISNE, JOSEPH, French botanist, died at 

 Paris, February 8th. He was born at Brussels 

 in 1807, and was brought to Paris with his 

 widowed mother by his brother Henri, who 

 had won fame as a painter. He went into the 

 Museum of Natural History in 1824 as a simple 

 gardener. After eight years of rude labor his 

 aptitude and assiduity opened the way of pro- 

 motion. He robbed himself almost entirely of 

 sleep to acquire the botanical knowledge neces- 

 sary in the positions he was called upon to fill. 

 His reports on the new plants brought to the 

 gardens gave him a place in the first rank of 

 descriptive botanists. Original researches in 

 vegetable anatomy and physiology extended 

 his reputation. His studies on madder, the 

 beet-root, ramie, the potato-rot, etc., were 

 inspired by the desire of rendering useful ser- 

 vices common among French scientists. De- 

 caisne was appointed Professor of Culture to 

 the Museum in 1851, and superintended the 

 works until his death. Besides preparing the 

 annual volumes on botany in the " Annals of 

 the Natural Sciences," and voluminous publi- 

 cations on his investigations in horticulture and 

 the botany of fruit-trees, he wrote, with the 

 aid of Le Maout, the "Systematic Treatise on 

 Botany," which is as well known in America 

 as in France. 



DRAKE, FRIEDRICH, German sculptor, died in 

 Berlin, April 6th. He was born in Pyrmont in 

 1805, and commenced life as a mechanical en- 

 gineer. An amateur carving, which fell into 

 the hands of a dealer, was sold at a price which 

 encouraged him to follow his artistic bent. He 

 entered the studio of the famous Rauch, and 

 was soon able to assist his master in all his 

 works. His first work was a Madonna statue, 

 which was followed by a dying warrior and a 

 maid dressing vines. His statues of Goethe, 



