PERU AND BOLIVIA. 



685 



ruvians still remained in threatening force in 

 the neighborhood, and Stuven, embarrassed by 

 his prisoners, proceeded to commit a cruel act, 

 which shows how utterly demoralized the 

 Chilians had become. He ordered the Peru- 

 vian prisoners to be formed in a line and shot 

 them down to a man. The wounded were dis- 

 patched by the Chilians with their long knives. 

 The retreat was then continued, and the in- 

 vaders, covered with disgrace by this act of 

 infamy, evacuated the valley of Jauja. Gen- 

 eral Caceres then sent some troops, by a flank- 

 ing march, to a point down the line of rail- 

 way, to intercept the retreat of Canto. On 

 the 22d of July the Chilian garrison, number- 

 ing one hundred men, at San Bartolorne", a 

 place on the railway about fifty miles from 

 Lima, was resolutely attacked. But re-enforce- 

 ments arrived from Lima, under General Gana, 

 and the Peruvians retired over the mountains 

 in good order. The Chilians destroyed several 

 villages along the line, and finally retreated to 

 Chorica, twenty-four miles from Lima. Gen- 

 eral Caceres cleared this part of Peru of the 

 invaders. He established his headquarters at 

 Tarma, in August, 1882, and continued his la- 

 bor of arming and organizing his forces. Hu- 

 aacas, Tquichanos, Pocras, and Morochucos 

 flocked in thousands to his standard, all eager 

 to defend their beloved villages from invasion. 

 But the task of arming and drilling them must 

 needs be slow and difficult. Their leader, how- 

 ever, is one who is not easily turned away from 

 his purpose. Ayacucho is the home of Andres 

 Caceres. He is surrounded by his own people. 

 They know him as the man who has fought 

 for his country in almost every action since the 

 invaders landed at Pisagua. A similar need- 



IMPORT OF PERUVIAN PRODUCTS INTO THE 



DOMESTIC GOODS TO PERU. 



less extension of the horrors of war was 

 planned by the Chilians in Northern Peru, 

 where Colonel Iglesias conducted the defense. 

 A force of three hundred men, landed at the 

 port of Pacasmayo, advanced up the Jequete- 

 peque Valley, with the intention of ravaging 

 the Department of Caxamarca. Met by Igle- 

 sias at San Pablo, twelve miles from Caxamarca, 

 they were defeated, and fled back to Pacas- 

 mayo, leaving their field hospital in the hands 

 of the Peruvians. But they received re-enforce- 

 ments, and eventually, like Pizarro before them, 

 entered Caxamarca as conquering invaders. 

 After converting two of the ancient churches 

 into ruins, and burning several villages, they 

 evacuated the historical city so famous for 

 similar crimes committed there three hundred 

 and fifty years ago. They then entirely de- 

 stroyed the town of Chota, and finally retreat- 

 ed to the coast in September, 1882. 



" Peru waits in broken-hearted suspense, but 

 with undaunted front, for reasonable terms of 

 peace. The province of Tarapaca to Camaro- 

 nes must be ceded. The nitrate and guano 

 must go with it, and also the claims on the rev- 

 enue derived from nitrate and guano. These 

 false riches have never been other than a 

 curse to their possessors." 



As some peace settlement is likely soon to 

 be brought about between Peru and Chili, it 

 will not be amiss to study the commercial sta- 

 tistics having reference to the trade of the for- 

 mer with the three leading trading nations, 

 the United States, England, and France, up to 

 and subsequent to the outbreak of hostilities, 

 in view of the revival in this Peruvian trade 

 which may gradually be brought about after 

 the re-establishment of peace : 



UNITED STATES, AND EXPORT OF AMERICAN 



During the fiscal year 1880 the chief arti- 

 cles of domestic merchandise exported to Peru 

 consisted of breadstuffs, $475,604; manufac- 

 tures of iron and steel, $100,552; wooden- 

 ware, $71,127; provisions, $70,935; quicksil- 

 ver, $39,877; cotton goods, $23,995, and pe- 

 troleum, $19,901. 



In 1882 our export of domestic merchandise 

 to Peru reached $533,823, while we imported 

 $3,029,676 worth of Peruvian products, mostly 

 nitrate. 



Into the United States, 1859-'68. 



1869-'78. 



" " 1879-80. 



IMPORTS FROM PERU. 



$6.048306 

 18.515.3S3 

 2 219,167 



Into United Kingdom, lS59-'68. 

 1869-'78. 

 1879- 1 80. 



Into France 1 S59-'6S . 



...1869-'78. 



$26,782,856 



$136.657.342 

 . 229,804.310 

 . 31,832,531 



898,294,183 



. $50,86^.800 

 . . 88,221.400 



.1879-'80.... 13,804,856 



152,395,056 



Total imports, 1859-'80 $577,472,095 



