686 



PERU AND BOLIVIA. 



EXPORTS TO PERU. 



From the United States, 1859-'63. . $10,143.625 

 1869-'78. . 21,2-23,865 

 1879-'80. . 2,2*8,493 



From United Kingdom, 1859-'68. 

 1869-'78. 

 1879-'80. 



From France 1859-'68 . . 



1869- 1 78.. 



...1879- : 80.. 



134,251,493 



Total exports, 1S59-'80 $327,828,517 



Total trade with the United States $60,373,844 



United Kingdom 058,280,219 



France 286,646,49 



Grand total $905,300,612 



SHIPMENTS OF NITRATE OF SODA FROM THE WEST COAST. 



The preceding tabular statement shows that 

 prior to the war, in spite of the gradual ex- 

 haustion of the guano deposits in Peru, the 

 export figures from that country were steadily 

 on the increase in its dealings with the three 

 nations named, the large nitrate of soda pro- 

 duction more than compensating for any fall- 

 ing off in guano. Importation, on the other 

 hand, though also about doubling from the 

 United States and England during the second 

 decade we have given, had become stationary 

 from France. During the twenty-two years 

 specified, England did with Peru about twice 

 the amount of business which was transacted 

 between France and Peru, and more than nine 

 times as much as the United States did with 

 that country. This fully demonstrates the cor- 

 rectness of Mr. Markham's remarks about the 

 importance of Peru as a customer of England. 

 Ruined and crippled as Peru is at present, it 

 will, however, take a great many years ere that 

 country will become again what it has been in 

 this respect, if ever it does. 



BOLIVIA. (REpfj BLIOA DE BOLIVIA). For par- 

 ticulars concerning area, territorial division, 

 and population, reference may be made to the 

 "Annual Cyclopaedia" for 1877. The forma- 

 tion of a new department, with Tupiza for its 

 capital, is said to be contemplated. 



The President of the Republic is General 

 Campero (since June 1, 1880), the First Vice- 

 President is Dr. Aniceto Arce, and the Second 

 Vice-President, Dr. B. Salinas. The Cabinet 

 was composed of the following ministers : In- 

 terior and Foreign Affairs, Dr. P. J. Silvetti ; 

 Finance. Dr. A. Quijarro; Public Worship, etc., 

 Dr. P. H. Vargas; War, General J. M. Rendon. 



The Bolivian Envoy Extraordinary and Min- 

 ister Plenipotentiary to the United States is 



* One quintal = one hundred pounds Spanish. 



Dr. L. Cabrera, and the Bolivian Consul-Gen- 

 eral at New York is Sefior Obarrio. 



The United States Minister Resident and 

 Consul-General in Bolivia is Mr. G. Manney. 



The Metropolitan Archbishop is Dr. Puch y 

 Solona (elevated in 1861), and there are the 

 following bishops : La Paz, Dr. Juan de Dios 

 Bosque (1874) ; Cochabamba, F. M. del Grana- 

 do (1872); and Santa Cruz de la Sierra, J. J. 

 Valdivia (1879). 



It is impossible to state the exact condition 

 or number of the Bolivian forces during the 

 past year, but it is to be presumed that the 

 troops which spent most of the year at Oruro, 

 under the command of the General-President, 

 represent but a small proportion of the twenty 

 thousand "fighting men" who were called to 

 arms immediately after the commencement of 

 the war with Chili. Previous to that time 

 the regulation strength of the standing army 

 was about three thousand, comprising eight 

 generals, three hundred and fifty-nine superior, 

 and six hundred and fifty -four subaltern offi- 

 cers. This force, according to official reports, 

 cost the republic $2,000,000 annually. 



In the budget for 1880-'81, the first return 

 of the sort published by the Finance Depart- 

 ment since 1873, the estimated revenue and 

 expenditure were set down at $3,465,790 and 

 $4,799,225 respectively, showing a deficit of 

 $1,333,435. Among the items of expenditure 

 may be mentioned that for the War Depart- 

 ment, $2,871,959. No mention is made of 

 there being any provision made for covering 

 the deficit just alluded to. 



The tide of Bolivia's foreign commerce was 

 effectually checked for a time by the war, and, 

 when the reaction at length set in, the direc- 

 tion of the current was for the most part com- 

 pletely reversed. Although Bolivia had two 

 ports exclusively her own, Cobija and Mejil- 

 lone, it was found much more convenient to 

 carry on trade through the Peruvian port of 

 Arica, for which facility Bolivia paid a tax of 

 five per cent to Peru. Soon after the begin- 

 ning of the war, however, the Bolivian sea- 

 ports proper and Arica were successively oc- 

 cupied by the Chilians, and held in a state of 

 blockade for a year. The first two have re- 

 mained permanently closed to Bolivian traffic, 

 and the demand by the Chilians of fifty instead 

 of five per cent on goods passing through Arica 

 in transitu for Bolivia must, if persisted in, 

 eventually determine the withdrawal of Boliv- 

 ian trade from that port. In the face of these 

 adverse circumstances Bolivia sought and has 

 found a comparatively ready channel to the 

 Atlantic seaboard through the Argentine Re- 



Jublic. The route being by mule, ma Salta or 

 ujuy to Tucuman, thence by rail to Rosario, 

 and lastly down the river Parana to Buenos 

 Ayres already offers many advantages, such 

 as transportation at half the rates charged for 

 merchandise intended for consumption on Ar- 

 gentine territory, absolute freedom from du- 

 ties, and the enjoyment, besides, of the privi- 



