750 



SPAIN. 



tile manufactures are represented by 60,500,000 

 pesetas, machines, vessels, etc., by 34,500,000, 

 yarns by 21,700,000, and metallic articles by 

 12,700,000. The exports of manufactured ar- 

 ticles consisted of corks of the value of 14,500,- 

 000 pesetas, and playing-cards of the value of 

 3,100,000 pesetas. 



The merchant marine consisted on January 

 1, 1881, of 2,236 vessels, weighing 560,125 tons, 

 of which 347, of 233,686 tons, were steamers. 



There were about 3,875 miles of railroad in 

 operation in 1878. 



The length of the state telegraph lines in 

 1880 was 10,075 miles. The number of dis- 

 patches in 1880 was 2,222,429, of which 1,397,- 

 451 were domestic, 508,417 international, and 

 316,561 official. The receipts were about 

 $800,000, the expenses $1,190,000. 



The number of post-offices in 1880 was 

 2,536; number of letters carried 81,422,000, 

 postal cards 1,045,000, circulars, etc., 5,703,000, 

 newspapers 40,247,000; total, 128,417,000. The 

 receipts were 9,407,954 francs, expenses 7,599,- 

 820 francs. 



COLONIES. The area of the colonies of Spain 

 and their population in 1877 were as follow : 



The population of Cuba consisted of 764,164 

 whites, 344,050 free negroes, 227,902 slaves, 

 and 58,400 Chinese. The number of slaves de- 

 creased by 136,000 between 1870 and 1877. A 

 bill for the abolition of slavery in Porto Rico 

 was passed in 1873. The bill for the gradual 

 extinction of slavery in Cuba, introduced in 

 the Cortes in November, 1879, provides that 

 all slaves over fifty-five years old should be- 

 come free forthwith ; that slaves from fifty to 

 fifty-five years old should be liberated Septem- 

 ber 17, 1880 ; from forty-five to fifty, in Sep- 

 tember, 1882 ; from forty to forty-five, in 1884 ; 

 from thirty-five to forty, in 1886 ; from thirty 

 to thirty-five, in 1888 ; and all the rest in 1890. 

 After 1880 the sum of 100,000 piasters is an- 

 nually reserved in the Cuban budget to pay an 

 indemnity of 350 piasters for each slave eman- 

 cipated. The population of Cuba in 1879 was 

 1,424,649; of Porto Rico in 1880, 754,313. 

 The population of Havana in 1873 was about 

 230,000; of the city of Porto Rico, in 1860, 

 18,132; of Manila, 270,000. 



The exports of Cuba amounted to $76,235,- 

 726 in 1876, $66,836,204 in 1877, and $70,881,- 

 525 in 1878. The chief article of export is 

 sugar, from 90 to 91 i per cent of which is sent 



to the United States. The quantity exported 

 in 1879 was 1,698,392,000 pounds, as compared 

 with 1,265,195,000 pounds in 1878, 1,242,793,- 

 000 in 1877, 1,487,808,000 in 1876, 1,864,991,- 

 000 in 1875, and 1,925,400,000 in 1870. Be- 

 sides sugar there were exported from Havana 

 in 1880 9,873 pipes of rum, 12,433 barrels of 

 molasses, considerable quantities of honey and 

 wax, a small quantity of coffee, 12,464,936 

 pounds of tobacco, and 153,141 thousands of 

 cigars. The number of vessels arriving at the 

 port of Havana in 1880 was 1,426, of 1,020,131 

 tons, against 1,752, of 1,103,439 tons, in 1879, 

 and 1,626, of 979,946 tons, in 1878. Of the 

 arrivals in 1880, 663, of 493,550 tons, were 

 American ships; 491, of 291,481 tons, Span- 

 ish; 151, of 120,130 tons, English; 33, of 

 56,389 tons, French; and the rest principally 

 German and Norwegian. There were about 

 860 miles of railroads in operation on the Isl- 

 and of Cuba in 1880, and 2,800 miles of tele- 

 graph lines. 



The expenditures of Porto Rico are esti- 

 mated for the year 1879-'80 at $3,506,500. 

 The value of the merchandise exported in 

 1878 was $10,422,400. There were exported 

 1,659,519 quintals of sugar, 4,922,707 gallons 

 of molasses, 171,885 quintals of coffee, 51,346 

 quintals of tobacco, 150 quintals of cotton, 

 6,477 quintals of hides, and 38,247 gallons of 

 rum. 



The value of the exports from the Philippine 

 Islands in 1879 was 18,813,452 pesos; of the 

 imports, 18,031,547 pesos. Sugar constitutes 

 over 56 per cent of the exports, of which 

 product 2,145,423 peculs, of 135 pounds, were 

 exported in 1879. 



ARMY. The Spanish army is becoming reor- 

 ganized on a plan submitted to the Cortes by 

 the King. By the law of January 8, 1882, the 

 period of service is fixed for all arms at twelve 

 years : three in the active army, three in the 

 active reserve, and six in the second reserve. 

 The period in the colonial army is eight years, 

 four with the colors and four in the second re- 

 serve. The peninsular army is recruited by con- 

 scription and enlistment, the colonial wholly by 

 enlistment among the men under thirty-five 

 years of age who have served their time in the 

 active army. Immunity from service is pur- 

 chasable for 1,500 francs. Every Spaniard is 

 otherwise obliged to enter the service. The 

 number of reserve battalions and of depots will 

 range from 104 to 140, corresponding to the 

 number of battalions of the line. Each depot 

 district has a reserve battalion formed and an 

 active depot battalion partly filled, which re- 

 ceives the recruits and transfers the number 

 needed to complete the corresponding line bat- 

 talion, and which will call in the men on leave 

 in civil employments and the active reserve in 

 case of mobilization, and after furnishing the 

 complement of the line and the first reserve 

 complete itself, if necessary, to make up the 

 second reserve army. The cavalry and artil- 

 lery receive the same territorial system of 



