768 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



itants. The franchise is limited by a property 

 qualification. The executive power is exer- 

 cised by the King under the advice of a Coun- 

 cil of State, consisting of ten members. 



The Constitution of Norway, established No- 

 vember 4, 1814, vests the legislative authority 

 in the Storthing. The Storthing is elected in- 

 directly for three years. Vacancies are filled 

 by the persons receiving the second largest 

 number of votes at the triennial election. The 

 number of members is 114. The King has 

 command of the military and naval forces, and 

 makes all appointments, but must nominate 

 Norwegians. He can veto any measure not 

 of a constitutional character, but if it is passed 

 by three different Storthings it can not be ve- 

 toed a third time. The members of the Stor- 

 thing divide themselves into two Houses the 

 Lagthing, consisting of one fourth of the mem- 

 bers, and the Odelsthing, composed of the other 

 three fourths. Bills originate in the latter 

 body, and may be rejected by the other, unless 

 the Odelsthing calls for a joint sitting, in which 

 case a two-thirds majority of the whole Stor- 

 thing is necessary to enact the measure. The 

 Storthing may resolve itself into a court for 

 the impeachment and trial of Ministers, Judges 

 of the Supreme Court, or members of the 

 Storthing. Articles of impeachment are passed 

 by the Odelsthing, and are tried by the Lags- 

 thing and Supreme Court, sitting together. 

 The executive power is exercised by the King 

 through a Council of State, composed of two 

 Ministers and nine Councilors. One of the 

 Ministers and two Councilors reside at Stock- 

 holm with the King. 



The King of the two monarchies is Oscar II, 

 Fredrik, born January 21, 1829, who succeeded 

 Ms brother, Carl XV, September 18, 1872. He 

 is the fourth sovereign of the line of Ponte 

 Corvo, which originated with Bernadotte, one 

 of Napoleon's marshals, who was elected Swed- 

 ish heir-apparent in 1810, and ascended the 

 throne, under the name of Carl XIV Johan, in 

 1818. The heir-apparent is Oscar Gustaf Adolf, 

 son of the King, born June 16, 1858. 



The Swedish Cabinet is composed of the fol- 

 lowing members : Minister of State, Count Ar- 

 vid Rutger F. Posse, appointed April 19, 1880; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, Baron Carl F. L. 

 Hochschild, appointed April 27, 1880; Dr. 

 Johan II. Lov6n, appointed Councilor June 5, 

 1874 ; Dr. Nils H. Vult von Steyern, Coun- 

 cilor and Chief of the Department of Justice, 

 appointed April 18, 1880 ; Baron Carl Gustaf 

 von Otter, Councilor and Chief of the Depart- 

 ment of the Navy, appointed April 18, 1880 ; 

 Fredrik L. S. Hederstierna, Councilor at the 

 head of the Interior Department, appointed 

 April 18, 1880; Dr. Carl Gustaf Hammarsk- 

 jold, Councilor in charge of the Department 

 of Ecclesiastical Affairs, appointed August 27, 

 1880 ; Councilor Johan C. E. Richert, ap- 

 pointed August 27, 1880; Councilor O. R. 

 Themptander, of the Department of Finance, 

 appointed March 8, 1881 ; K. A. Ryding, Coun- 



cilor in charge of the War Department, who 

 succeeded Otto F. Taube June 16, 1882. 



The Norwegian Council of State is composed 

 of the following members : Minister of State, 

 residing at Christiania, Christian A. Selmer, 

 appointed November 1, 1880 ; Councilor at 

 the head of the Navy and Post-Office Depart- 

 ment, Rear-Admiral Jacob Lerche Johansen, 

 appointed June 17, 1872 ; Councilor in charge 

 of the Department of Justice and Police, J. 

 Helmboe ; Councilor in charge of the War 

 Department, Major - General Adolf Frederik 

 Munthe, appointed October 19, 1877; Coun- 

 cilor at the head of the Interior Department, 

 Christian Jensen, appointed October 13, 1879; 

 Councillor in charge of the Department of the 

 Revision of Public Accounts, Dr. O. A. Bachke, 

 appointed October 18, 1879 ; Councilor in 

 charge of the Department of Education and 

 Ecclesiastical Affairs, N. C. E. Herzberg, who 

 succeeded Jens Helmboe, transferred to the 

 Department of Justice January 30. 1882 ; Min- 

 ister of State residing near the King, Otto R. 

 Kierulf, appointed November 1, 1871; Coun- 

 cilors of the Delegation at Stockholm in 1882, 

 N. Vogt, appointed Councilor May 13, 1871, 

 and C. H. Schweigaard, December 22, 1880. 



SWEDEN. AREA AND POPULATION. The 

 area of the kingdom is 170,979 square miles, 

 3,517 of which are covered by the Lakes of 

 Vener, Vetter, Malar, and Hjelmar. The area, 

 in square kilometres, and population of the 

 Lan, or provinces, according to the decennial 

 census of December 31, 1880, were as follow : 



The population was divided into 2,215,243 

 males and 2,350,425 females. In 1870 there 

 were 3,809 Baptists, Mormons, and Methodists ; 

 190 Reformed, 573 Roman Catholics, 30 Greek 

 Catholics, and 1,836 Israelites; the rest of the 

 population belonged to the established Luther- 

 an Church. There were 6,711 Lapps and 14,- 

 932 Finns, born in Sweden, and 12,015 foreign- 

 ers, principally Germans, Danes, Norwegians, 



