798 TROLLOPE, ANTHONY. 



TUBERCULOSIS, ORIGIN OF. 



embrace directly and indirectly fully one third 

 of the State. Within the year, with improved 

 facilities of transportation and the demands of. 

 an increased population, the value of cattle has 

 doubled. At present sheep are only raised in 

 Texas for their wool very few for mutton. 

 This is caused by the cost of transportation. 

 It is estimated that there are now 7,000,000 

 sheep in the State ; hence, allowing four acres 

 to each sheep, 28,000,000 acres of land are 

 used as sheep-walks. The wool-clip of this 

 season received at San Antonio was 5,700,000 

 pounds. Great improvements have been made 

 within the last twelve months in the manage- 

 ment and handling of cattle in Texas, and the 

 grade is constantly improving by the introduc- 

 tion of blooded stock. The present price of 

 beef-cattle ranges from $25 to $35. Ten years 

 ago the same class of cattle were sold for 

 from $12 to $15. 



The business of the port of Galveston for 

 the commercial year ending August, 1882, has 

 been much greater than was anticipated. The 

 partial failure in the corn-crop and a heavy 

 falling off in the cotton-crop were calculated 

 to lessen the volume of commercial transac- 

 tions. While the money value of the State's 

 exports for the year is in excess of that of the 

 year previous, so much of the surplus went 

 forward to purchase meat and breadstuffs, 

 stringency in commercial matters was ex- 

 pected ; but the year has passed without any 

 disaster worthy of record. Of the 878,854 

 bales of cotton produced in the State, 476,891 

 were exported from Galveston. Though the 

 sugar-crop was light, the receipts of consign- 

 ments from plantations direct to Galveston 

 have been larger than in any previous year, 

 amounting to 8,000,000 pounds. The consign- 

 ments of wool amounted to 218,280 pounds. 

 Of molasses, 255,598 gallons were received. 

 The trade of the city of Houston during the 

 year amounted in value to $22,786,431. 



TROLLOPE, ANTHONY, an English novelist, 

 died December 6th. He was born April 24, 

 1815. His mother was the talented authoress 

 of " Widow Barnaby," whose caustic reflec- 

 tions on American manners, written after a 

 long residence in the United States, did much 

 to protract the estrangement between Ameri- 

 can and English society. Anthony Trollope was 

 educated at Winchester and Harrow Schools. 

 He obtained a clerkship in the Post-Office, with 

 which department he was connected for the 

 best part of his life. His business faculty and 

 power of work were so remarkable that he 

 pursued an honorable career in the public ser- 

 vice parallel to his assiduous and prolific liter- 

 ary activity. He took a prominent part in the 

 development and direction of the postal service 

 in Ireland, and in later life was intrusted with 

 the negotiation of intricate postal arrange- 

 ments with various European governments. 

 He commenced to write novels as a distraction 

 from his official labors. Of his earlier novels 

 there were republished and acknowledged the 



" Macdermotts of Ballycloran " and the " Kel- 

 lys and O'Kellys," published in 1847 and 1848. 

 The first work which brought him fame and 

 substantial pecuniary returns was " The War- 

 den," followed by a continuation, " Barchester 

 Towers," usually accounted his finest produc- 

 tion. These are life-like pictures of the social 

 and domestic life of the English clergy. They 

 were followed by a stream of others, all in the 

 same realistic vein, and nearly all treating of 

 the life of the upper classes of English society, 

 gradually extending in their range of subjects 

 from the clergy to the country gentry and no- 

 bility, and then to the dissipations of town, 

 and in his later novels, with less success, to 

 political society. Characters which he drew 

 with pains and success he often reintroduced 

 in succeeding works. His remarkable powers 

 of observation, which enabled him to write 

 with accurate knowledge of the daily habits 

 and professional practices appertaining to the 

 various classes of people which he introduced 

 in his fictions clergymen, country gentlemen, 

 sportsmen, officers, lawyers, doctors, mer- 

 chants, or politicians enhance the air of re- 

 ality which pervades his novels. Anthony 

 Trollope was probably the most prolific writer 

 of fiction in the English language. His style 

 and method are the same throughout, though 

 the merits of his works vary widely. The 

 quality of each individual work is remarkably 

 even, those which were originally well con- 

 ceived being worked up with care, and not 

 marred through errors in dramatic judgment 

 or negligence in literary workmanship. The 

 most widely read of his novels, besides those 

 mentioned above, are "Dr. Thome," "The 

 Bertrams," " The Three Clerks," "Castle Rich- 

 mond," "Framley Parsonage," a Orley Farm," 

 "The Small House at Allington," "Rachel 

 Ray," "Miss Mackenzie," "The Claverings," 

 "The Last Chronicle of Barset," "The Duke's 

 Children." 



Although Trollope dwelt more on the exter- 

 nal aspects of society, some of his characters, 

 such as Mrs. Proudie, the Warden, Rev. Mr. 

 Crawley, Palliser, Dr. Thome, the Duke of 

 Omnium, Scatcherd, etc., are as clearly con- 

 ceived and strongly drawn types as those of 

 any of the analytical novelists. Besides his 

 double work as author and official, Anthony 

 Trollope was a keen hunter, and found leisure 

 to indulge freely in this British pastime, and 

 also to travel when his strength needed re- 

 cruiting. His practical knowledge and power 

 of observation enabled him to write, after his 

 brief trips to America, Australia, and South 

 Africa, some of the best books of travel, par- 

 ticularly his volume on "The West Indies and 

 the Spanish Main." His biographical studies 

 of "Julius Ceesar" and "Cicero" were less 

 within the scope of his acquirements. He 

 wrote also an admirable memoir of Lord Palm- 

 er ston. 



TUBERCULOSIS, BACTERIAL ORIGIN 

 OF. It has been suspected, since the discov- 



