UNITED STATES, CENSUS OF. 



819 



Lowell, keeps nearly or quite one half of its men, 

 women, and children at work. Philadelphia, which 

 is both a great weaving city and a center of heavy 

 manufactures, especially of iron, stands in a mean be- 

 tween the two, having 42 per cent of its population 

 engaged in gainful occupations. 



Among the social causes adverted to as affecting the 

 proportion of bread-winners may be mentioned the 

 school system. In some cities the public schools are 

 much more highly organized, more attractive, and are 

 supported by a stronger public sentiment than in 

 others. In the former class of cases we should look 

 to see the influence of the schools acting in diminu- 

 tion of the number of young persons of either sex 

 engaged in gainful occupations. 



FOREIGN-BOEX POPULATION. The total num- 

 ber of foreign-born persons in the United States 

 in 1880 was 6,679,943 ; in 1870 the number was 

 5,567,229. The following shows the nativity 

 of the foreign-born population of 1880 : 



Africa, not specified .............. 2 204 



Asia, not specified ........................... 1 ? 054 



Atlantic islands .................. 'o 



'" 



4,906 



.... 



Austria proper , 



Belgium ......................................... 15,535 



Bohemia ................ ......................... 85361 



British America, total .................. ...'......'. 717^157 



Canada .................................... "."".] 610,'o90 



New Brunswick ............................ 41 733 



Newfoundland .............................. ' 4*789 



Nova Scotia .......................... " 5l'l60 



Prince Edward Island .......................... 7 537 



British America, not specified .............. .".'.'.! 1J93 



Central America .......... '707 



China .............................. ........VI.." 104,463 



Cuba ............................................ 6917 



Denmark .................................. 541 96 



Europe, not specified ............................. 8,814 



France .......................................... 106.971 



German Empire, total ... ..................... 1 966 742 



' 



m . 



Bavaria ........................................ 171,699 



Brunswick ................................ 4 6-'4 



Hamburg ......................... '..'. ....... ]\\ R864 



Hanover ....................................... 102.594 



Messen ....................................... 72490 



Lubeck ....................................... 264 



Mecklenburg ................................... 45,959 



Nassau ........................................ 6 .253 



Oldenburg ................................... 9924 



Prussia, not specified ..... .................... 634*380 



Saxony ........................................ 48,703 



"Weimar ....................................... 685 



Wiirtemberg ................................... 108,223 



Germany, not specified ................ . 624 200 



Gibraltar .......... ............................. 167 



Great Britain, total ..................... ......... 2,772 169 



England ....................................... C62,'676 



Ireland ........................................ 1,854,571 



Scotland ....................................... 170,136 



Wales ....................................... 83,302 



Great Britain, not specified ..................... 1,484 



Greece ......................................... 775 



Greenland .................................. 129 



H ollan d ............................. ............ 58.09 



Hungary ........................................ 11,526 



India ............ 



Italy .................... .il.lIir.HIIIIIIIII! 



Japan ............................... ." ____ 



Luxemburg ............. 



Malta. ...T ....................... 



Mexico ............................ ... 



Norway ............................... ....... i." 18L729 



Pacific islands ................................... 806 



Poland .......................................... 48,557 



Portugal ......................................... 8,138 



Russia ........................................... 35,722 



Sandwich Islands ............................. 1147 



South America ................................... 4 566 



Spain ............................................ 5, 12 l 



Sweden ......................................... 194,337 



Switzerland .................................. 88621 



Turkey ......................................... '. ^ 



West Indies ................................. 9 434 



A t sea ............................. ; ; ; ......... ; ; 4068 



1,707 



44,230 



401 



12,836 



305 



FOREIGN PARENTAGE. In 1870 the number 

 of persons, whether themselves born abroad 

 or in the United States, one or both of whose 

 parents were foreigners, was ascertained and 

 reported by the census for the first time. The 

 statistics of foreign parentage for 1870, how- 

 ever, gave no clew to the contribution made 

 to this total by the several foreign countries 

 appearing in the tables of foreign birth ; i. e., 

 there was nothing to show how many persons 

 had German fathers or German mothers, how 

 many Irish fathers or Irish mothers, etc. In 

 compiling the census of 1880 a very elaborate 

 tabulation was undertaken, in order to secure 

 the patios of contribution to the population 

 foreign in the second degree made by each 

 principal foreign country. For this purpose 

 the populations of 28 States, 7 Territories, and 

 the District of Columbia were tallied accord- 

 ing to a highly complicated form in order to 

 secure the ratios desired. The application of 

 these ratios to the total number of persons 

 residing within the United States who were 

 born in each of the specified foreign countries, 

 according to the table of nativity, would in- 

 dicate that throughout the United States there 

 were, at the date of the census of 1880, per- 

 sons haying one or both parents foreign born, 

 or foreign-born persons having parents both 

 native born, as follow : 



Number having Irish fathers 4,529,523 



Number having German fathers 4,883 842 



Number having British fathers 2,039,808 



Number having Scandinavian fathers 635,405 



Number having British- American fathers 939,247 



Number having fathers born in countries other than 



those specified 1,321,485 



Number having native fathers and foreign mothers. 573,434 

 Number of foreign persons having both parents 



native.. . 



Total 14,955,996 



Number of persons having Irish mothers 



Number having German mothers 



Number having British mothers 



Number having Scandinavian mothers 



Number having British-American mothers 



Number having mothers born in countries other 



than those specified 



Number having native mothers and foreign fathers. 

 Number of foreign persons having both parents 



native . . . 



Total 14,955,996 



DEFECTIVE, DEPENDENT, AND DELINQUENT 

 CLASSES. The following table shows the num- 

 ber of insane, idiotic, blind, and deaf-mutes in 

 the United States, as returned by the last four 

 censuses : 



Total ..................... ................... 6,679,943 



The total population for each of the years 

 named was as follows: In 1850 it was 23,191,- 

 876 ; in 1860, 31,443,321 ; in 1870, 38,558,371 ; 

 and in 1880, 50,155,783. In. other words, al- 

 though the population has a little more than 



