INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



84? 



175; policy of non-intercourse for last three hundred years, 

 175 ; under pressure, treaty ports opened, 175; insurrec- 

 tion growing out of this, 176 ; the treaty with Amer- 

 ica, provisions of, 176; treaties with other nations, 

 176. 



Costa Rica, Republic of. President, Vice-President, and 

 Cabinet, 176; death of General Guardia, 176; Costa Eica 

 and American Ministers, 176, 177; military force, 177; 

 unsatisfactory financial condition, 177 ; increase of public 

 debt, 177 ; the foreign debt very heavy (over $20,000,000), 

 177 ; the home debt very depressing, 177 ; hopes of reve- 

 nue from finishing railroads, 177, 178 ; attempts to extin- 

 guish the home debt not successful, 178 ; telegraph lines, 

 etc., 178. 



Cotton Crop of the United States, and its Specific Manufac- 

 tures. Number of bales, as gathered from thirteen States 

 and the Indian Territory, 178; meaning of term specific, 

 178 ; number of spindles, looms, persons employed, etc., 

 in specific manufacture of cotton-yarn and woven fabrics, 

 178; what is meant by plant, 178 ; statistics of specific 

 cotton manufactures, giving number of establishments, 

 capital invested, cotton consumed, goods manufactured, 

 wages of operatives, etc., 179 ; statistics of special mills, 

 in working raw cotton, mixed goods, etc., 179. 



Criminal Jurisdiction in the United States. Courts of 

 the United States, and jurisdiction, 179 ; State courts, 

 those having original or appellate criminal jurisdiction, 

 179; called Supreme Courts in most States, by other 

 names in other States, 179; ex officio judges in some 

 States, 179; course pursued in Massachusetts and New 

 England States, 180 ; in majority of States the same court 

 has jurisdiction of felonies and misdemeanors, 180 ; infe- 

 rior courts in many States for misdemeanors, 180; courts 

 of concurrent jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction, 180 ; 

 jurisdiction of justices of the peace, 180, 181 ; peculiar 

 feature in Maine, 181; survival of some English usages, 

 181 ; appellate jurisdiction, various in different States, 

 181; system in New York, New Jersey, Texas, etc., 181; 

 investiture of judges, three modes, election by the peo- 

 ple, election by representatives of the people, appoint- 

 ment by the Executive, 181 ; tenure of oflice, varies in 

 different States, some for life, others for twenty years, 

 mostly for four or six years, 181 ; judges, how removed 

 from oflice, 181, 182; initial proceedings in criminal cases, 

 by presentment, indictment, etc., 182 ; course pursued in 

 different States, 182 ; mode of trial in all higher courts by 

 jury, 182; special provisions to insure speedy trial, 182. 



DANA, RICHARD HENBY. American jurist and author, 182 ; 

 education and training, 182 ; work at the bar and as pub- 

 lic man, 182, 183 ; able writer as well as learned jurist, 

 183; died in Kome, 182. 



DANENHOWER, Lieutenant J. "W. Of the Arctic exploring 

 expedition, 333. 



DARWIN, CHARLES EGBERT. Eminent English naturalist, 

 183 ; education and training, 183 ; voyage round the world 

 in the Beagle, 183, 184; his personal habits, manners, 

 etc., 184 ; labors on the evolution theory, survival of the 

 fittest, etc., 184, 185; origin and progress of the theory, 

 185; Darwin's writings, 185. 



Delaicare. Officers of State government, 186; State debt, 

 186; school fund, 186; receipts and disbursements, 186; 

 balance in the Treasury, 186 ; recommendation of the 

 Governor about increase of school fund, 186 ; colored 

 schools, 186, 187 ; population (census of 1880), 167 ; prod- 

 ucts of the year, manufactures, etc., 187; Eepublican 

 Convention, platform, and nominations, 187, 188 ; Demo- 

 cratic Convention, platform, and nominations, 188, 189 ; 



Democratic nominees, Messrs. Stockley and Lore, 189? 

 Democratic ticket elected, 189. 



DE LONG, GEORGE W. Commander of the exploring vessel 

 Jeannette, 189 ; brief sketch of his life and work, 189 ; for 

 details, see pp. 331-834. 



Denmark. Constitutional monarchy, 189 ; the Eigsdag or 

 Diet, 190; royal family and Council of State, 190; area 

 and population of Denmark and dependencies, 190; 

 Lutheran the state religion, 190; imports and exports, 

 navigation, etc., 190 ; railroads and telegraphs, 190 ; total 

 receipts, by taxes, government lottery, railroads, etc., 

 190,191 ; chief expenses of Government, 191 ; public and 

 foreign debt, 191 ; army and navy, 191 ; constitutional 

 crisis, basis of compromise, 191 ; large sum proposed to 

 be spent on fortifications, 191 ; election returns, 191 ; 

 famine and suffering in Iceland, 191. 



Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States. Few 

 matters of importance, 192 ; letter of Mr. Frelinghuysen 

 on Chinese immigration subject, 192; change of policy 

 caused by Garfield's death in regard to South American 

 affairs, 192; extract from Mr. Elaine's published state- 

 ments, as to what Garfield's ideas were, and what was 

 expected to issue from his plans, etc., 192-194. 



Disciples of Christ. Missionary work of the churches, 194; 

 General Christian Missionary Convention, annual 

 meeting, 194 ; contributions during the year, work ac- 

 complished, etc., 194 ; Foreign Christian Missionary 

 Society, annual meeting, 194; total receipts, missions 

 supported, etc., 194. 



Disciplinary Power of Legislative Assemblies over their 

 Members. United States, England, Germany. Sover- 

 eignty of the nation supposed to reside in the Legisla- 

 ture, with the executive, as a check, 194 ; parliamentary 

 government rests in the Kings, Lords, and Commons, 194, 

 195; in United States, Congress consists of Senate and 

 House of Eepresentatives, in Great Britain, Parliament 

 consists of a House of Lords and House of Commons, in 

 Germany there are two Houses which represent the 

 states and one the nation, in France there is a Senate 

 and Chamber of Deputies, in the Netherlands there are 

 First and Second Chambers of the States-General, 195; 

 mode in which assemblies are created, 195; powers of 

 Congress over the conduct of its members, 195 ; views 

 of Cushing and of Jefferson, 195 ; exercise of disciplinary 

 power to preserve freedom of speech, purity of the body, 

 etc., 196 ; the case of Senator John Smith from Ohio, 196 ; 

 expulsion of Senators during the rebellion, 1862, 196; ex- 

 tent of criminal jurisdiction of each House, 196, 197 ; held 

 to cover breaches of decorum, neglect of attendance, any 

 crime or misconduct disgraceful in its character, insulting 

 remarks in debate, personal assaults, etc., 196, 197; cases 

 which occurred, as, in 1828, Jarvis's assault on private 

 secretary of the President, arrest (1795) of Eandall and 

 "Whitney for attempting to corrupt integrity of members 

 of the House, arrest (1832) of Houston for attacking Stan- 

 berry, a member of the House, arrest (1800) of Duane for 

 printing matter derogatory to the Senate, 197, 198; cen- 

 sure of President Jackson by Senate, 198; Benton's ex- 

 punging resolution, 198; Clay and Eandolph case, 198; 

 freedom of speech, some limitation needed, 198 ; " the 

 previous question," in the House, how it works, 198 ; a 

 member can speak only once, except by permission of 

 the House or Senate, 198; the "hour rule," in the House, 

 199 ; Benton's remarks on it, 199 ; not adopted by the 

 Senate, 199 ; " pah-ing off," a bad system, used by both 

 Houses, 199 ; in the State Legislatures the same general 

 principles prevail, 199. 



England, parliamentary system of, very ancient, based 

 on law and custom, 199 ; importance of precedents, 199, 

 200 ; rules very numerous and hard to classify, 200 ; Mr. 



