848 



INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



May's division into two classes, 200; language offensive 

 to the other House to be repressed immediately, 200; 

 personalities, how disposed of, 200 ; rules for addressing 

 members, 200 ; rules as to proper behavior in the House 

 of Commons, 201 ; in the House of Representatives, 201 ; 

 interruptions how dealt with, 201 ; power of disciplining 

 very extensive, 201 ; instances quoted, as to power of the 

 Lords, and of the Commons, 201 ; penal powers of the 

 House of Commons to exclude from its presence, 202 ; 

 bar of the House, 202; case of John Wilkes (1764), 202 ; 

 violent and illegal course of the House, which was forced 

 to yield at last, 202, 203; expulsion less frequent in 

 subsequent years, 203 ; O'Connell reprimanded, 208 ; the 

 cloture or rule for stopping debate and getting direct 

 vote, 203 ; course usually adopted by minority in Con- 

 gress to "obstruct" passage of a bill, 203, 204 ; experi- 

 ence in Parliament of 1877, when Parnelland others tried 

 this plan, 204; similar course in succeeding sessions, 204; 

 Mr. Gladstone's bills (1S81) on protection of person and 

 property, and peace preservation, in Ireland, 204; ex- 

 cited discussion, course of the Irish members, action of 

 the Speaker, etc., 204, 205; Dillon and nine others put 

 out of the House, 205; autumn session of 1 882, Mr. Glad- 

 stone's rules of procedure brought forward, 206 ; plea of 

 necessity, 206 ; text of the rules as finally adopted, 206, 

 208; stringency of the rules, 207, 208. 



The cloture in France, under Louis Philippe's gov- 

 ernment, 208 ; plan of Dupin, President of the Chamber 

 of Deputies, 208 ; the Corps Legislatif, under Louis Napo- 

 leon, 208, 209; the cloture gag, how it was worked, 209; 

 action of Jerome David, 209. 



Germany, authority of Parliament in, 209 ; proceed- 

 ings in the two assemblies substantially the same, 209 ; 

 division of Parliament into seven sections, each with 

 its own president, secretary, etc., 209 ; council of elders, 

 in the Eeichstag, important functions, 209, 210; pro- 

 ceedings, bills read three times, debate closed, vote 

 taken, 210; absenteeism a serious evil in the Ger- 

 man Parliament, 210; as many as five eighths absent 

 (1S80), 210 ; order of speaking, great freedom allowed, 

 210; list of speakers for both sides, 210; discretion- 

 ary power of the president, 210 ; power of order, 210, 

 211; groups of deputies, 211 : Bismarck's classification, 

 211; Conservatives, 211; Liberals, 211; Progressists and 

 Socialists, 211; general aspect agreeable, 211; M. Rey- 

 naert's views quoted, 211. 



Dominion of Canada. Provinces composing it, 211, 212; 

 Parliament consists of Senate and House of Commons, 

 212; suffrage, local Parliaments, etc., 212; Governor- 

 General, Prime Minister, Privy Council, 212; population 

 (census, 1881) by provinces, 212; religious denomina- 

 tions, Baptists, Roman Catholics, Church of England, 

 Methodists, Presbyterians, 212 ; population according to 

 origin, etc., 212, 213; cities (nine) over 5,000 inhabitants, 

 213; statistics of crime, 213; exports and imports, 213; 

 trade with United States and Great Britain, 213, 214; 

 line of steamers to South America, 214 ; fusion of two 

 great railroad corporations, Grand Trunk and Great 

 Western, 214 ; product of the fisheries, copper and iron 

 ore, lumber, etc., 214; Nova Scotia coal industry, 214 ; 

 public debt, large, 214; revenues increasing, 214; ex- 

 penditures, on Government support, public works, etc., 



214, 215 ; tariff modified, 215 ; estimated expenditures 

 for next year, 215; session of Parliament, 215; nothing 

 specially important done, 215 ; Canadian sympathy with 

 Ireland, not relished by England, 215 ; elections in favor 

 of Conservatives, 215; Welland Canal, present condition, 



215, 216 ; Ontario boundary dispute, history of, not yet 

 settled, 216;, Ontario, receipts, expenditures, etc., 216; 

 agricultural interests flourishing, 216; the Northwest 



Territory, 217 ; condition and progress of, 217 ; divided 

 into four districts, 217 ; Canada Pacific Railroad, brief 

 history of, 217 ; to be finished by 1SS7, 217, 218; New- 

 foundland, coast telegraph, by signals, for movements of 

 fish, etc., 218. 



DRAPER, HENRY, M. D. An American scientist and scholar, 

 218; sketch of his life and services, 218, 219. 



DRAPER, JOHN W., M. D. An eminent scientist and author, 

 219 ; born in England, came to United States at the age of 

 twenty-two, 219 ; sketch of his life and labors in science, 

 philosophy, etc., 219, 220. 



Dwellings, Laborers 1 . Question of sanitary dwellings for the 

 poor not yet much discussed in United States, 220 ; state 

 of matters in London, 220 ; efforts to improve the hous- 

 ing of working-people, 220 ; the Torrens acts of 1868, 

 1S09, 220; Sir Richard Cross's acts, 220; effects thus far 

 produced, 220, 221 ; unsatisfactory state of things, 221. 



Earth, Area and Population of the. Behm and Wagner's 

 statistics on this subject valuable, 221 ; Strelbitzky's work 

 on " Superficies of Europe," 221 ; table of areas and pop- 

 ulations of continents, 221 ; table of areas and popula- 

 tions of the various countries of Europe, 221 ; boundary- 

 line between European Russia and Asia, 221, 222 ; table 

 of areas and population of the countries in Asia, 222 ; 

 the same of Africa, 222 ; the same of America, 222 ; gen- 

 eral result satisfactory, details doubtful, 222. 



Earth- Tremors. Constant vibration of the earth's crust, 223 ; 

 two causes assigned, 223 ; removal of barometric press- 

 ure, observations on, in Italy, 223; effect of the ocean- 

 tides to this end, experiments of the British Association, 

 223 ; observations on earthquakes, instituted in Switzer- 

 land, 1879,223; report on earthquakes in Switzerland, the 

 Italian Peninsula, etc., 223, 224; present view of the ori- 

 gin of earthquakes, 224. 



Ecuador, Republic of. Chief Magistrate and Cabinet, 224 ; 

 the army, 224; revenue much less than expenditures, 

 224 ; foreign debt very heavy, 224 ; foreign trade in 

 cacao, Peruvian bark, coffee, etc., 224 ; exports and im- 

 ports, 224, 225; trade with Great Britain increasing, 

 225 ; distracted state of the republic, 225 ; the present 

 Dictator's (Veintemilla's) disgraceful career, 225. 



Education and Illiteracy. Statistics of census (1880), 

 showing extent of illiteracy in United States, 225, 226 ; 

 table showing number of persons ten years old and up- 

 ward (white and colored) unable to read and write, 226 ; 

 table showing the total population, school population, 

 average attendance, etc., in the several States and Terri- 

 tories, 227 ; table showing amount of taxation for sup- 

 port of public schools in each State and Territory, 228 ; 

 plan proposed for national aid to education, 228; im- 

 proved methods of instruction, 228; experience of the 

 schools in Quincy, Mass., 228; education in France, prog- 

 ress and improvement of late years, 228, 229; Govern- 

 ment help, 229 ; education in other countries, Germany, 

 Italy, etc., 229 ; general advance, 229 ; Russia very much 

 behind, 229; in Great Britain and Ireland, number of 

 schools, Government help, etc., 219; "board-schools," 

 how supported and managed, 229; new code for these 

 schools, 229, 230 ; industrial and technical education, 230; 

 progress in this direction, 230 ; new law in France re- 

 specting primary instruction, 230; chief object of the 

 law, 230 ; moral and civic instruction, also compulsory, 

 230 ; details of the plan of working, 280, 231 ; strong oppo- 

 sition because religious instruction wholly excluded, 231 ; 

 also because compulsory, 231 ; in Belgium, education not 

 compulsory, 231 ; teachers how qualified and chosen in 

 France acd Belgium, 231 ; attitude of Roman Catholics 



