850 



INDEX OF CONTENTS. 



lecturer, 277; sketch of his life and labors, 277, 278; lec- 

 tures and poems, 278 ; personal character, 278 ; estimate 

 of his position and influence, 27S ; published works, 278. 

 Engineering. St. Gothard Tunnel finished after twenty 

 years' delay, 278, 279 ; projected ship-canals, 279 ; canal 

 through the Delta proposed, 279 ; need of a canal to Cairo 

 and Suez, 279 ; Panama Canal advancing, 279 ; also canals 

 in Greece and India, 279 ; new docks at Milford Haven, 

 279 ; proposed work at the Zuyder Zee, 280 ; enlargement 

 of harbor of Antwerp, 280; importance of St. Gothard 

 Tunnel, 2SO; new French railroad projected through 

 Mont Blanc, 281 ; the Arlberg Tunnel, 281 ; the Beau- 

 mont perforator, 281 ; tunnel under the Hudson Eiver at 

 New York, 281, 282 ; the Severn Tunnel, 282; the Brook- 

 lyn Bridge, 282 ; another farther up the river under way, 

 282, 288; Erie Eailroad Bridge over Kinzua Valley, 

 Pennsylvania, 283; new bridge over the Forth, to be of 

 steel, 283; the new Eddystone Light-house, 283 ; Tilla- 

 mook Light-house, Oregon, difficulty of building, 288, 

 284 ; the Himalayan Railroad, 284 ; steam-heating of 

 towns and cities in United States, 284. 



English Channel Tunnel Panic. Work begun on the tun- 

 nel, 284 ; excited public feeling against it, 284, 285; the 

 scare in England, 285; French wish the tunnel made, 

 285 ; arguments of tunnel advocates, 285 ; military au- 

 thorities still inimical, 286. 



Epidemic Diseases, Sanitary Control of. Attempts at con- 

 trol of epidemics, 2S6; germ theory settled, 286; five 

 chief fatal epidemics, 2S6; other infectious diseases, 286; 

 the plague, its nature and ravages, 286 ; terrible poisons, 

 286, 287; conveyance of infection by air certain, 287; the 

 "Ceeley case" (1840), 287, 288; what "sewer-gas" is, 

 288 ; infection carried by water, 288 ; connection of filth 

 and sewage with disease, 288 ; for sanitary control germs 

 must be destroyed, 288 ; course to be pursued by health- 

 officer, 288, 289 ; Asiatic cholera, Dr. Blanc's interesting 

 statements, 289, 290; preventive measures to-be used, 

 290; ships and steamboats carry disease, 290; sanitary 

 inspection absolutely necessary, 290; course to be pur- 

 sued in towns and cities in cases of infection, 290; sani- 

 tary cordons around infected districts, 290, 291 ; course 

 pursued with the plague in Astrakhan, Eussia (1878), 

 291 ; Government action, 291, 292 ; experience in yellow 

 fever in Southwestern Texas, 293; Surgeon-General 

 Hamilton's report, 293; measures adopted, 293; course 

 recommended, 293, 294. 



Europe, Area of. Total area, according to General Strel- 

 bitzky, 294; table of areas by countries, 294; tables of 

 areas of principal islands, 294; lengths of rivers, 294; 

 areas of lakes, 294, 295; areas of seas of Europe, 295; 

 Baltic coast-line the longest, 295; entire coast-line of dif- 

 ferent countries, 295 ; coast-line of Great Britain and Ire- 

 land, 295; areas of chief gulfs and bays, 295; narrowest 

 strait, the Bosporus ; widest, St. George's Channel, 296. 

 Evangelical Association. Summary of the number of 

 preachers, churches, members, 296; contributions, etc., 

 296. 



Explosions, Boiler. Lawson's experiments, 296; commis- 

 sion appointed by Government, 296 ; official report to the 

 Secretary of the Treasury, 296-298 ; Lawson's theory and 

 mode of boiler-construction indorsed, 298. 



Farms and live-Stock in the United States. Table show- 

 ing great increase in farms in United States, during ten 

 years, 298. 



Finances of the, United States. Review of, 299 ; receipts 

 for the fiscal year 1882, 299 ; expenditures for the same 

 period, 299 ; surplus unusually large, 299 ; receipts com- 

 pared with previous fiscal year, 299 ; ditto expenditures, 



299 ; receipts and expenditures for the calendar years 

 1881 and 1882, 300 ; receipts of 1882 compared with 

 those of the calendar year 1881, 800 ; assets and liabili- 

 ties of the Treasury on January 1, 18S2, and January 1, 

 1883, 300 ; increase in the receipts from duties on imports 

 of sugar, woo), iron, steel, silk, cotton, and spirits, com- 

 pared with the preceding year, 801 ; ditto from internal 

 revenue, 301 ; changes in the public debt during the year, 

 301 ; refunding operations, 801 ; proposed issue of 3 per 

 cent bonds in Congress, 301 ; adopted at 3J per cent, 302 ; 

 average rates of interest to investors of 4 and 4| percent 

 securities, 302; proposal of the Secretary for a reduction 

 of revenue, 302, 303; Tariff Commission appointed by 

 Congress, 303 ; motives that governed it, 303 ; resources 

 and liabilities of the banks, 304; bill for the extension of 

 the existence of the banks, 305, 306; imports and exports, 

 806; coinage, 306; value of articles of import during the 

 fiscal years 1881 and 1882, 307; ditto, imports and exports 

 with different countries, 308. 



Fisheries of the United States for 1880. New England 

 States, extent and value of fisheries, 309 ; Middle States, 

 sea-fisheries, river and lake and oyster fisheries, 309, 810 ; 

 general summary for Middle States, 310 ; South Atlantic 

 States, sea and river fisheries, and oyster industry, 310, 

 811; general summary for South Atlantic States. 811, 312. 

 Florida. State government, 312 ; progress of internal im- 

 provements, 312; work on Lake Okeechobee, prospect 

 of success, 312 ; inland water communication, " Florida 

 Coast Line Canal and Transportation Company," 312 ; 

 Governor Bloxham's message in regard to railroads in 

 the State, 312, 313; general revenue (including interest 

 taxes), 313 ; moneys paid out, 313 ; estimate of appropri- 

 ations for the next year, 313; Comptroller's statement, 

 313; question of railroad taxation not settled, now in 

 United States Supreme Court, 313; State and county 

 taxes, 313, 314 ; school facilities and attendance, 314 ; deaf- 

 mute education, 314; Agricultural College, 314; Insane 

 Asylum,314; State convicts utilized, 314; population,314; 

 yield of cotton, corn, oats, etc., 814 ; live-stock, manufac- 

 tures, etc., 314; Supreme Court decision on homestead 

 exemption, 314. 815; Constitutional Convention needed, 

 315 ; election returns, 315 ; yellow fever at Pensacola, 

 315. 



Food- Preservation. Important to find chemical antiseptic 

 tasteless and innocuous, 315 ; Professor BarfFs investiga- 

 tions and discovery of antiseptic compound, 315 ; use of 

 boracic acid, 315, 316; compound with glycerine, 316; 

 M. Potel's compound, 316; storage depot for meat, fish 

 fruit, etc., at Shoreditch, London, 316. 

 Forests of the United States. American pine-forests, 316 ; 

 census returns, 316 ; chief source for supply of white-pine 

 lumber, 316 ; amount cut, and new growth, 316 ; South- 

 ern Atlantic pine-growing States, 316 ; supply from Gulf 

 States and Southwestern States, 317; timber-supply of 

 the Pacific States, 817 ; waste of American forests, 317 ; 

 area of forests in Europe, 317 ; American Forestry Con- 

 gress, objects in view, 317, 318 ; meetings, action, etc., 

 818; act of Congress to encourage tree-planting, 818; 

 State laws for same purpose, 818 ; kinds of trees best for 

 planting in various localities, 318, 819; successful forest 

 planting in Southwestern France, 319 ; lumber industries 

 of the United States, extent and value, 819; consumption 

 of forest products as fuel, 819; value of different woods 

 for fuel, 319 ; results of analysis and experiments, 819. 

 France, Republic of. National Legislature, how composed, 

 320; two Houses, Deputies, 557 members, Senate, 300 

 members, 320 ; annual meeting, length of session, etc., 

 320; presidential term seven years, 320; Jules Gr6vy 

 President (elected 1879), 320; area and population, 320 ; 

 native population, foreign, religious profession, etc., 320 ; 



