33 



ARCTIC EXPLORATION. 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC. 



military hospital, each bearing the name of the 

 occupant. The bodies of Privates Henry and 

 Snider were unclaimed, and were sent to Cy- 

 press Hills Cemetery for burial. That of Lieut. 

 Lockwood was sent to friends at Annapolis; 

 that of Lieut. Kislingbury to Rochester, N. Y. ; 

 Sergt. Israel's to Kalamazoo, Mich. ; Sergt. 

 Ralston's to Howard, Ohio ; Sergt. Linn's to 

 Philadelphia; Sergt. Cross's to Washington ; 

 Private Whistler's to Delphi, Ind. ; Corp. Elli- 

 son's to Pottsville, Pa. ; and Private Ellis's to 

 Clyde, N. Y. Lieut. Greely employed his sick- 

 leave in visiting friends and relatives at New- 

 buryport, Mass., where a public reception was 

 given him, Aug. 14th, and the other survivors 

 were left at liberty until two of them were re- 

 ported to have made a contract for public ex- 

 hibitions at museums, when they were per- 

 emptorily ordered to report for duty. 



Almost immediately after the bodies of the 

 dead had been disposed of, the fact became 

 public that, when found, the fleshy portions of 

 several of them had been cut away, and it was 

 inferred that they had been used for food by 

 the desperate survivors. This was neither ad- 

 mitted nor denied at the time by any of the 

 officers of the expedition, though Lieut. Greely 

 declared that, if anything of the kind occurred, 

 it did not come to his knowledge. There was 

 also a report of dissensions among the men at 

 Cape Sabine, and a division into two factions, 

 but this was denied and could not be verified. 

 The statement in regard to the treatment of 

 the bodies of the dead was proved in the case 

 of Lieut. Kislingbury by the exhumation and 

 examination of the remains, at Rochester, un- 

 der the direction of medical experts ; and in 

 his official report Commander Schley said : 



In preparing the bodies of the dead for transpor- 

 tation in alcohol to St. John's it was found that six of 

 them, Lieut. Kislingbury, Sergts. Jewell and Ealston, 

 Privates Whistler, Henry, and Ellis, had been cut, 

 and the fleshv parts removed to a greater or less ex- 

 tent. All other bodies were found intact. 



The fact had also become known that Private 

 Henry did not die a natural death, but had 

 been shot. In regard to this, Lieut. Greely 

 promptly made a report declaring that Henry 

 had been shot by his orders, and after reiter- 

 ated demands from his men, for persistently 

 stealing from the meager supply of provisions 

 on which the lives of all the men equally de- 

 pended. The lieutenant asked for a court of 

 inquiry or a court-martial to examine into the 

 matter, in case it was deemed advisable by the 

 Secretary of War. No order for this purpose 

 was given. The controversy in regard to the 

 responsibility for the failure of the expedition 

 of 1883 was renewed after the rescue of the 

 survivors. Gen. Hazen in his annual report 

 said : " Up to the return of the expedition this 

 year, I had hoped there would be no occasion 

 for raising the question of blame at this or any 

 future time. But new light has been cast upon 

 the subject and with it my duty becomes plain, 

 and the truth of history and justice to all call 



for such impartial inquiry and authoritative 

 judgment as a tribunal broad enough to em- 

 brace the whole question shall institute and 

 pronounce, and the Congress of the United 

 States is manifestly such a tribunal. ... I 

 therefore trust that this whole matter of the 

 Lady Franklin Bay expedition and the expedi- 

 tions organized for its relief will be deemed 

 worthy of a thorough investigation by Con- 

 gress." Gen. Hazen insisted that both Lieut. 

 Greely in the Arctic, and the Signal Bureau in 

 Washington, carried out their part of the pre- 

 arranged plans of rescue literally and success- 

 fully in every particular. He referred to the 

 failure of Lieut. Garlington to replace the 

 spoiled provisions at Cape Sabine, and quoted 

 from a letter by Lieut. Greely to him April 

 30th, supposing himself at the point of death, 

 as follows: "Had Lieut. Garlington carried 

 out your orders and replaced the 240 rations 

 of rum and 120 alcohol in English cache here, 

 and the 210 pounds moldy English bread, 

 spoiled English chocolate and potatoes, melted 

 sugar, and the 210 pounds of rotten dog-bis- 

 cuit, we would without doubt be saved." 



ARGENTINE REPUBLIC, an independent re- 

 public of South America: area, 1,168,682 square 

 miles; population (as officially estimated in 

 September, 1882), 2,942,000 * ; and that of the 

 capital, Buenos Ayres, 295,000. 



Immigration. The following table exhibits 

 the nationality and number of the immigrants 

 landed at Buenos Ayres in the years 1880, 

 1881, 1882, and 1883 : 



Government, Public Offices, etc. By the terms 

 of the Constitution, bearing date of May 15, 

 1853, with modifications in 1860, the executive 

 power is vested in a President, elected for six 

 years by representatives of the fourteen prov- 

 inces, equal to double the number of senators 

 and deputies combined. The President is com- 

 mander-in-chief of the army, appoints all civil, 

 military, and judicial office-holders, and has 

 the right of presentation to bishoprics. He is 

 solely responsible for the acts of the executive. 

 The legislative power resides in a National 

 Congress consisting of a Senate and a Cham- 

 ber of Deputies. The senators, twenty- eight 

 in number, elected by the provincial Legisla- 



* For details of area, population, etc., reference may be 

 made to the " Annual Cyclopaedia" for 18S3. 



