AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



61 



their grievances and observe their treaty rights, 

 the Maori nation sent a deputation of chiefs to 

 England in 1883 for the purpose of laying their 

 case before the supreme Government. In 1884 

 the Maori King, Tawhao, and Major Te Wheoro, 

 one of the native delegates in the New Zealand 

 Assembly, came on the same mission. They 

 asked to have a larger native representation in 

 their own government, petitioned for the crea- 

 tion of a native commission, and demanded 

 that the lands wrongfully taken from their re- 

 serves should be restored. In their memorial 

 they set forth facts regarding the violation of 

 the treaty of Waitangi in relation to chief- 

 tainship, villages, lands, forests, and fisheries. 

 Wars have been waged against them for the 

 mere purpose of wresting away portions of 

 their domains. The acts of 1862, 1865, 1873, 

 and 1880 were particularly iniquitous measures 

 of confiscation. Lord Derby's answer discour- 

 aged the hope of imperial intervention. The 

 Maoris built a hall three years ago, for the sep- 

 arate Legislature to which they aspire. The 

 Maori delegates to the Colonial Parliament are 

 said to be remarkable for their eloquence and 

 capability. The Maori children now receive an 

 elementary education. The people are mak- 

 ing rapid advances in civilization, and exhibit 

 a high order of intellectual capacity as a race, 

 but they are fast dying out, having already 

 shrunk in number to forty-four thousand. Te 

 Whiti and the other imprisoned insurgents have 

 been set at large. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, an empire constituted 

 since 1867 as a dual monarchy. The Ois- 

 leithan Kingdom, or Austria, and the Trans- 

 leithan, or Hungary, are connected by a com- 

 mon army, navy, and diplomacy, and in the 

 person of the hereditary sovereign. Franz 

 Josef I., reigning Emperor of Austria and 

 King of Hungary, was born Aug. 18, 1830, 

 and ascended the throne in 1848, succeeding 

 his uncle, Ferdinand L, who abdicated. The 

 heir-apparent is the Archduke Rudolf, born 

 Aug. 21, 1858. 



Government. The common affairs of the two 

 monarchies, restricted to military defense and 

 foreign policy, are regulated by the Delega- 

 tions, consisting of 120 members, chosen in 

 equal numbers from the Austrian and Hunga- 

 rian legislatures 20 from the upper and 40 

 from the lower house of each. The common 

 Ministers, responsible to the Delegations, are 

 as follow : Minister of Foreign Affairs and of 

 the Imperial Household, Count G. Kalnocky 

 de Korospatak, called to the head of the ad- 

 ministration, Nov. 21, 1881 ; Minister of War, 

 Count Bylandt-Rheydt, appointed June 21, 

 1876 ; Minister of Finance, Baron von Kallay, 

 appointed June 4, 1882. 



Area and Population. The area and population 

 of the provinces of Austria, according to the 

 census of Dec. 31, 1880, and of Hungary, ac- 

 cording to a return of the Statistical Bureau, 

 published in August, 1883, are given in the 

 following table : 



The native population of Cisleithania was 

 divided, in respect to language, in 1880, as 

 follows: German, 8,008,864; Bohemian, Mora- 

 vian, and Slavonian, 5,180,908 ; Polish, 3,238,- 

 534; Ruthenian, 2,792,667; Slovene, 1,140,304; 

 Serbic and Croatian, 563,615 ; Italian, 668,653; 

 Roumanian, 190,799; Magyar, 9,887; total, 

 21,794,231. 



The population was divided, as to religion, as 

 follows : Roman Catholics, 17,693,648 ; Greek 

 Catholics and Armenians, 2,536,177; Oriental 

 Greek and Armenians, 493,542 ; Protestants, 

 401,479; Israelites, 1,005,394; Old Catholics, 

 6,134 ; other creeds, 7.870. 



In the lands subject to the Hungarian crown 

 the population was divided, in respect to lan- 

 guage, as follows : Magyar, 6,206,872 ; Rouma- 

 nian, 2,325,838 ; German, 1,882,371 ; Slavonian, 

 1,799,563 ; Serbic and Croatian, 2,325,747 ; 

 Ruthenian, 345,187; Gypsy, 79,393; Wendic, 

 83,150 ; Armenian, 3,523 ; other indigenous 

 languages, 33,668; foreign languages, 56,892; 

 too young to talk, 499,898 ; total, 15,642,102. 



The different confessions were represented 

 as follow: Roman Catholic, 7,849,692; Greek 

 Catholic, 1,497,268 ; Armenian Catholic, 3,223 ; 

 Greek Oriental, 2,434,890; Evangelical, 1,122,- 

 849; Calvinist, 2,031,803; Unitarian, 55,792 ; 

 other Christian sects, 4,645 ; Israelites, 638,314 ; 

 other beliefs, 3,626. 



The movement of population in Cisleithania 

 in 1882 was as follows: Marriages, 183,378; 

 births, 897,473 ; deaths, 710,902 ; excess of 

 births, 186,571. 



The movement of population in Transleitha- 

 nia in 1881 is reported as follows: Marriages, 

 137,025; births, 604,262 ; deaths, 492,727; ex- 

 cess of births, 111,535. 



