GERMANY. 



353 



The total number of males was 22,185,433, 

 of females 23,048, 628. 



The population of the empire was divided 

 in respect to religion as follows : Protestants, 

 28,331,152; Catholics, 16,232,651 ; minor sects, 

 78,031; Israelites, 363,790; others, 30,615. 



A census of occupations, taken June 5, 1882, 

 gives the number of persons in the empire de- 

 pendent on the various classes of occupations 

 as follows : Agriculture, stock-raising, and gar- 

 dening, 18,840,818 ; forestry, hunting, and fish- 

 ing, 384,637; mining, industry, and construc- 

 tion, 16,058,080; commerce and transportation, 

 4,531,080; hired labor, 938,294; the public 

 service, municipal and ecclesiastical employ- 

 ments, and the liberal professions, 2,222,982; 

 without occupation, 2,246,222 ; total popula- 

 tion, 45,222,113. The proportion engaged in 

 agriculture, forestry, and fishing was 42*5 per 

 cent, of the population ; in industry and min- 

 ing, 35-5 per cent. ; in commerce, and the carry- 

 ing traffic, 10 per cent. ; in other employments 

 or without occupation, 12 per cent. 



The number of marriages in 1882 was 350,- 

 457; of births, 1,769,501; of deaths, 1,244,006; 

 excess of births, 525,495. 



The following cities contained over 100,000 

 inhabitants in 1880: Berlin, 1,122,330; Ham- 

 burg, 289,859, with suburbs 410,127; Breslau, 

 272,912; Munich, 230,023; Dresden, 220,818; 

 Leipsic, 149,081; Cologne, 144,772; Konigs- 

 berg, 140,909; Frankfort-on-the-Main, 136.819; 

 Hanover, 122,843, with Linden 145,227; Stutt- 

 gart, 117,303 ; Bremen, 112,453 ; Dantsic, 108,- 

 551 ; Strasburg, 104,471. 



Emigration. The total emigration registered 

 from 1875 to 1883 inclusive was 815,374. The 

 number not registered is officially estimated at 

 168,448. Of 710,052 emigrants reported dur- 

 ing the five years 1879-83. 689,379 emigrated 

 to the United States, 8,720 to Brazil, 5,788 to 

 other parts of America, 4,502 to Australia, 

 VOL. xxiv. 23 A 



1,471 to Africa, and 192 to Asia. The total 

 emigration from Germany since 1820 is esti- 

 mated at 4,200,000 persons, of whom the United 

 States received 3,250,000. The number of emi- 

 grants in 1875 was 30,773; in 1876, 28,368; 

 in 1877, 21,964; in 1878, 24,217; in 1879, 33,- 

 327; in 1880, 106,190; in 1881, 210,547; in 

 1882, 193,869 ; in 1883, 166,119. The number 

 of emigrants in 1882 who renounced German 

 nationality was 43,588 ; in 1881, 47,720 ; in 

 1880, 28,780. Of the emigration of the three 

 years 1881-'83, 418,000, or 62-8 per cent., came 

 from North Germany. The largest exodus 

 was from "West Prussia, Pomerania, and Meck- 

 lenburg, where 4*7 per cent, of the population 

 emigrated. Posen lost 3 '5 per cent, of its in- 

 habitants. In East Prussia and the industrial 

 districts of the Rhine Province, Silesia, and 

 Alsace-Lorraine, less than of 1 per cent, of 

 the population left their homes. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports of 

 the Zollverein in 1883 was 3,262,500,000 marks 

 of merchandise and 28,400,000 marks of specie, 

 as compared with 3,128,300,000 marks of mer- 

 chandise and 36,300,000 marks of specie in 

 1882. The exports of merchandise in 1883 

 were 3,270,000,000 marks, against 3,188,300,- 

 000 in 1882 ; the exports of specie 65,000,000 

 marks against 55,800,000. The imports of 

 articles of consumption in 1883 amounted to 

 1,166,200,000 marks, the exports to 713,300,- 

 000 marks; imports of raw materials 1,025,- 

 700,000 marks, exports 538,400.000; imports 

 of manufactured products 584,700,000 marks, 

 exports 1,714,600,000; imports of miscellane- 

 ous articles 485,900,000 marks, exports 303,- 

 700,000. The value of cereals imported was 

 391,000,000 marks, exports 108,400,000 ; of fer- 

 mented liquors imported 48,300,000 marks, ex- 

 ports 74.400,000 ; of sugar, etc., exported 259,- 

 100,000; imports of colonial produce 173,400,- 

 000 ; of tobacco imported 53,400,000 marks : 

 of fruits and vegetables imported 142,700,000 

 marks, exports 48,900,000 ; of animals and pro- 

 visions imported 357,400,000 marks, exports 

 216,500,000. The imports of fuel were 42,000,- 

 000 marks, exports 76,400,000; imports of 

 minerals 63,800,000 marks, exports 50,400,000 ; 

 imports of raw metals 47,500,000 marks, ex- 



Eorts 64,300,000 ; imports of hides, skins, and 

 ?ather 234,300,000 marks, exports 164,600,- 

 000 ; imports of textile materials 527,200,000 

 marks, exports 138,400,000 ; imports of lum- 

 ber, 110,900,000 marks, exports 44,300,000 

 marks. The value of the exports of pottery 

 and glass was 81,000,000 marks, of partly man- 

 ufactured metals 91,400,000, of metal manu- 

 factures 194,700,000, of machinery 149,600,000, 

 of leather manufactures 131,200,000, of yarns 

 113,400,000, of textile manufactures 678,300,- 

 000, of rubber-goods and oil-cloths 20,300,000, 

 of paper manufactures 62,100,000, of wood and 

 straw manufactures 57,900,000, of jewelry and 

 art-manufactures 93,500,000, of books, etc., 

 41,200,000. The principal manufactured arti- 

 cles imported were, yarns of the value of 291, - 



