354 



GERMANY. 



600,000 marks, textile manufactures 109,900,- 

 000 marks, machines 89,600,000 marks, and 

 jewelry and art-products 19,300,000 marks. 

 The imports of fertilizers and waste materials 

 amounted to 68,400,000 marks, exports 21,200,- 

 000 ; the imports of drugs, coloring matters, 

 and chemicals to 196,700,000 marks, exports 

 212,500,000; the imports of gums, fats, and 

 oils to 220,800,000 marks, exports 69,800,000. 

 The export of sugar increased from 1,373,939 

 quintals in the season of 1879-'80 to 2,972,151 

 in 1880-'81, 3,193,786 in 1881-'82, 4,789,879 in 

 1882-'83, and 6,074,960 in 1883-'84. 



The export and the import trade of 1883 

 showed a considerable increase in quantities 

 as well as in values in comparison with 1882. 

 The increase in the imports was principally in 

 animals and meat, fish, rye, maize, malt, coffee, 

 tea, wine, coal, petroleum, ores, lumber, hides 

 and skins, leather and its manufactures, cot- 

 ton, hemp, jute, cotton and linen yarns, silk, 

 silk mixed goods, feathers for trimmings, and 

 gold and silver wares. There was a falling off 

 in the imports of hogs, eggs, wheat, oats, bar- 

 ley, legumes, fruit, vegetables, hops, tobacco, 

 iron, rags, flax, silk cocoons, wool, woolen 

 yarn, linen, and woolen cloths. There was an 

 increased export of animals, animal food prod- 

 ucts, wheat and oats, potatoes, flour, fruit, su- 

 gar, beer, wine, fuel, chemical products, glass 

 and pottery, iron, lead, hardware, hard-wood 

 and manufactures thereof, fine-wood manufact- 

 ures, paper, fine leather and leather manufact- 

 ures, woolens, cotton laces and embroideries, 

 linen and cotton garments, feathers, machines, 

 instruments, time-pieces, lire-arms, and gold 

 and silver wares. There was a decline in hops, 

 high- wines, alizarin, oils, yarns, and silk mixed 

 goods. 



The reports of the factory inspectors for 

 1883 show that industry was flourishing. The 

 sugar-mills, distilleries, breweries, flour-mills, 

 cigar-factories, and furniture-shops were espe- 

 cially prosperous. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at German ports in 1882 was 53,263, tonnage 

 8,440,869; cleared 53,365, tonnage 8,439,594. 

 Of the tonnage entered 4,096,917 tons were 

 under the German flag, of the tonnage cleared 

 4,129,547. The number of entries with car- 

 goes was 43,214, tonnage 7,532,677; clear- 

 ances 39,901, tonnage 6,223,622. The number 

 of steamers entered was 15,650, tonnage 5,875,- 

 064, of which 8,779, of 2,563,210 tons, carried 

 the German flag; the number cleared 15,622, 

 tonnage 5,881,822; the number carrying the 

 German flag 8,784, tonnage 2,590,636. The 

 tonnage engaged in foreign trade outside of 

 Europe was 2,174,894 tons, of which 67*7 per 

 cent, was monopolized by the trade with the 

 United States. 



The number of steamers in the merchant 

 navy, not counting those of less than 15 tons' 

 capacity, in 1883 was 515, of 311,204 registered 

 tons net, employing 10,937 sailors. The ton- 

 ,nage in 1882 was 9,516 tons, in 1881 8,657. 



The number of sailing-vessels with a capacity 

 of over 22 tons was 4,370, against 4,804 in 

 1879, the tonnage 1,226,650, against 1,129,129 

 registered tons. 



Railroads. The total length of German rail- 

 roads in 1884 was 36,187 kilometres, of which 

 10,609 kilometres were double-tracked, not in- 

 cluding 1,688 kilometres of industrial lines. 

 There were 30,767 kilometres belonging to the 

 state, 1,032 kilometres administered but not 

 owned by the state, and 4,388 kilometres owned 

 and administered by companies. 



Posts and Telegraphs. The postal traffic, in- 

 cluding that of Bavaria and Wiirtemberg, which 

 have separate post-offices, was in 1883 as fol- 

 lows : Number of letters, 732,421,890 ; of pos- 

 tal cards, 206,463,350; of inclosures under 

 sealed bands, 186,041,100; of circulars, 16,- 

 425,950; of newspapers, 487,860,270 ; money- 

 packets without declaration of value, 84,297,- 

 640; with declaration of value, 6,384,040; 

 money-letters with declaration of value, 9,089,- 

 480 ; 'postal money-orders, 55,688,847 ; total 

 value of money forwarded, 77,167,076,649 

 marks ; total weight of packages carried, 371,- 

 082,430 kilogrammes. 



The total length of the state telegraph lines, 

 including those of Bavaria and Wtirtemberg, 

 in 1883, was 76,218 kilometres; length of 

 wires, 273,535 kilometres ; the number of pri- 

 vate internal dispatches, 12,396,725; of in- 

 ternational dispatches sent, 2,183,894; the 

 number received, 2,390,573 ; total number of 

 dispatches, 18,377,626. 



The receipts of the postal and telegraph serv- 

 ice in 1882-'83 were 170,488,913 marks ; the 

 expenses, 146,850,087 marks. 



The Army. The effective of the German 

 army on the peace footing in 1884 was 18,115 

 officers and 427,274 men, with 81,598 horses. 

 The Prussian army counted 13,996 officers and 

 330,629 men, the Bavarian army 2,211 officers 

 and 50,224 men, the royal Saxon army 1,136 

 officers and 27,606 men, and the Wurtemberg 

 army 772 officers and 18,815 men. The staff 

 numbered 2,032 officers ; the 484 battalions of 

 the infantry of the line, 9,529 officers and 278,- 

 822 men; 20 jager battalions, 424 officers and 

 11,120 men; 275 cadres of Landwehr battal- 

 ions, 326 officers and 4,764 men ; total infant- 

 ry, 10,279 officers and 294,706 men ; 465 squad- 

 rons of cavalry, 2,358 officers and 64,699 men ; 

 341 batteries of field artillery with 1,364 guns, 

 1,801 officers and 34,817 men ; and 31 battal- 

 ions of fortress artillery, 729 officers and 16,- 

 349 men ; 21 battalions of pioneers, 406 offi- 

 cers and 10,840 men; 18 train- battalions, 200 

 officers and 4,905 men ; and special formations, 

 310 officers and 954 men. 



The war establishment of the German army 

 can muster a field army of 19,391 officers and 

 744,031 men, with 242,415 horses; 4,796 offi- 

 cers and 296,614 men of depot troops, with 

 31,373 horses; and 11,240 officers and 416,032 

 men of garrison troops, with 38,943 horses; 

 total war effective, 35,427 officers and 1,456,- 



