HAYTI. 



393 



his primitive ?tate. Hence, if savages of any 

 race are induced suddenly to change their hab- 

 its of life, they become more or less sterile, and 

 their young offspring suffer in health in the 

 same manner and from the same cause as do 

 the elephant and hunting-leopard in India, 

 many monkeys in America, and a host of ani- 

 mals of all kinds, on removal from their natu- 

 ral conditions." 



The extinction of the pure Hawaiians is ap- 

 parently only a question of time, and the ques- 

 tion what foreign occupancy shall follow the 

 native rule is one that must possess interest for 

 the United States, as the Hawaiian Islands are 

 now the only remaining group in the North 

 Pacific Ocean that is not a colonial dependence 

 of some power in Europe or Asia. 



HAYTI. (For details relating to area, territo- 

 rial divisions, population, etc., see "Annual 

 Cyclopaedia" for 1883.) 



Government. The President of the Republic 

 is Gen. Salomon, elected for seven years, dat- 

 ing from 1879. The Cabinet is composed of 

 the folio wing -named ministers: Foreign Af- 

 fairs, Finance, and Commerce, Gen. Damier ; 

 Justice and Public Worship, O. Madion ; War 

 and Navy, Michel Pierre; Interior, Ovide Ca- 

 men ; Public Instruction and Agriculture, F. 

 Manigat. 



The United States Minister Resident and 

 Consul-General at Port-au-Prince is the Hon. 

 J. M. Langston, and the American Vice-Consul- 

 General is Dr. J. B. Terres. The Haytian Min- 

 ister to the United States is Mr. S. Preston ; 

 and the Haytian Consul-General at New York, 

 E. D. Bassett. 



The Rebellion. On Dec. 21, 1883, President 

 Salomon informed the foreign representatives 

 and consuls that Jere"mie had surrendered, and 

 that one of the clauses of the capitulation 

 was that several of the foreign diplomats or 

 consuls should assist in the execution of the 

 treaty of surrender. The President at the 

 S'ime time asked the representatives to assist 

 him in the settlement of peace, and to accede 

 to the fulfillment of the clauses stipulated. 

 The foreign ministers and consuls agreed to 

 sen-1 three men-of-war of different nationalities 

 to J6r6mie, carrying as many commissioners, 

 one of each nationality, and appointed the Unit- 

 ed States Minister and the consuls of Spain and 

 England as commissioners, who witnessed the 

 entry of the Government troops into the city 

 and forts, and next day returned to Port-au- 

 Prince. Before J6remie surrendered, the Gov- 

 ernment troops had taken by assault the vil- 

 lages of Cornil and Pestel. Jacrnel was driven 

 to capitulation by want of provisions. The 

 Revolutionary Committee of the town, know- 

 ing that President Salomon had excluded its 

 members from the amnesty accorded to the 

 rest of the insurgents, took refuge at the for- 

 eign jice-consulates, and left to their military 

 chief the task of stipulating the terms of their 

 surrender. Several days afterward Gen. Pro- 

 phete took C6tes-de-Fer by assault. 



Events of 1884. In January it was announced 

 that the Haytian ports of Saltrout, Anse d'Hai- 

 nault, and Dame Marie, which had been tem- 

 porarily opened to foreign commerce in place 

 of Jeremie and Jacmel, would be closed again 

 on February 15. At Miragoane the surrender 

 occurred on January 24. 



The Minister of Finance, with the appointed 

 delegation, signed bank-notes to the amount of 

 $1,000,000, which were issued in spite of the 

 protest of the National Bank. 



On February 18, in the United States Dis- 

 trict Court, in session at Philadelphia, a ver- 

 dict, by agreement, for $500 was rendered in 

 favor of the Government against Warner ^nd 

 Merritt, owners of the steamer Tropic. This 

 represented a penalty for carrying as passen- 

 gers insurgents taken aboard of the vessel at 

 Inagua and landed at Miragoane, Hayti, when 

 the certificate of the vessel forbade the carry- 

 ing of passengers. It was represented that* a 

 similar action had been brought by seamen on 

 board of the vessel, and the penalty in that 

 case paid. The question was pending as to 

 whether a double penalty could be exacted. 



On February 20 President Salomon pro- 

 claimed at Port-au-Prince full amnesty to the 

 revolutionists of C6tes-de-Fer, excepting Gen. 

 Cheovil Mode and other members of the Revo- 

 lutionary Committee. At the foreign consu- 

 lates in Jacmel 280 refugees were awaiting 

 the President's decision to execute or pardon 

 them. 



On March 1, Judge Hughes, of the United 

 States Circuit Court, sitting at Richmond, Va., 

 refused to confirm the sale of the arms and 

 munitions of war seized on the schooner E. G. 

 Irvvin, intended for the Haytian insurgents. 

 They were purchased at auction in hulk on 

 February 28, by a New York firm. The judge 

 considered the amount ($2,530) bid at the sale 

 entirely inadequate to the invoiced cost of the 

 material($7,500), and ordered a new sale. 



When summoned in March to deliver to the 

 authorities the Jirrny deserters \\ ho sought ref- 

 uge with them, the foreign consuls at Jac- 

 mel refused, on the ground that during a civil 

 war there were no recognized deserters. 



In April the Haytian Government put into 

 circulation the dreaded additional $1,000,000 

 of paper money, which had a depressing effect 

 upon commerce. Coffee was at the time 

 quoted at 9 to 9f cents; cocoa, 8 to 9 cents; 

 and logwood, $6.50 to $7. 



The number of persons killed during the 

 revolution was officially declared to have been 

 7,000. The disappearance of several persons 

 implicated in the revolution caused consider- 

 able commotion. On June 17 a conflagration 

 reduced to ashes nearly half of all the build- 

 ings at Jeremie, the business quarter suffering 

 very heavily. 



On October 3 the Chamber of Representa- 

 tives passed the indemnity bill, fixing the 

 amount to be paid to claimants who suffered 

 through the rifts of September 22 and 23 at 



