104 



INDIA. 



The question of the constitutionality of the 

 act under which damages could be recovered 

 from the owners of houses in which money 

 had been lost in gambling, came up during the 

 year in this city in the case of Learned vs. Tier- 

 nan. In 1876 the husband of the plaintiff lost 

 $2,000 gambling in a house of the defendant. 

 The wife brought suit for damages under the 

 penal code, which allows triple damages for 

 losses sustained in gambling. Judge Smith, of 

 the Superior Court, declared the act unconsti- 

 tutional for defect in the title. 



INDIA, an empire and viceroy alty in Asia, 

 subject to the British Crown. The area and 

 population of British India, according to the 

 census taken on Feb. 17, 1881, are as follow : 



The male element predominates in the pop- 

 ulation, numbering 129,941,851 individuals, 

 against 123,949,970 females. 



Races and Creeds. There were in 1881 : 



Hindoos 187,937,450 



Mohammedans.. 50.121,555 



Fire- worshipers. . 6,426,5 1 1 



Buddhists 8,418,884 



Christians 1,862,634 



Sikhs 1,853,426 



Jains 1,221,896 



Parsees 85,397 



Jews 12,009 



Others .... 



Total. 



Coolie Emigration, The numbers of coolies 

 who left India in search of occupation else- 

 where during eleven consecutive years were 

 as follow : 



11,03411878 24,710 



20,087 1879 22,092 



1880 17428 



1881 16.794 



1882 11,509 



1873 



1S74 



1875 ....I 2JK825 



1376 U,4s9 



1877 



10,560 



Bombay 773,196 



Calcutta 766,298 



Madras 405.848 



Hyderabad 354,962 



Lucknow 261,303 



Benares 199,700 



Delhi .r 



Patna 170^654 



Agra 160,203 



Bangalore 155,857 



Amritsar 151,896 



Cawnporo 151,444 



Goyernment, The Parliamentary TJnder-Sec- 

 retary for India is J. R. Cross, M. P. ; Perma- 

 nent Under-Secretary, John A. Godley ; assist- 

 ant, H. G. Walpole constituting the Ministry 

 for India. Council of India: President, the 

 Secretary of State ; Vice-President, R. A. Dal- 

 zell, and fourteen members. Secretaries of 

 the Departments: Military. Maj.-Gen. A. B. 

 Johnson ; Financial, H. Waterfield ; Justice, 

 A. C. Macpherson ; Public Works, Railroads, 

 and Telegraphs, J. Danvers ; Revenue and Com- 

 merce, W. G. Pedder ; Political Secretary, Col. 

 Sir 0. T. Burne. 



The Viceroy and Governor-General is Lord 

 Dufferin. Presidency of Bengal, Lieut.-Gov. 

 A. Rivers Thompson. The Presidency of Ma- 

 dras, Gov. M. E. Grant-Duff. Presidency of 

 Bombay, Gov. Sir James Ferguson. 



The American Consul-General for India, at 

 Calcutta, is J. A. Leonard ; the Consul at Bom- 

 bay is B. F. Farnham. 



Army. The British and native forces in India 

 are composed as follows : 



BRITISH ARMY, DEC. 81, 18S3. Men. 



Horse of the line 4,866 



Artillery 11,954 



Sappers 298 



Foot of the line 42,252 



Total 59,370 



Horses 9,641 



Guns 294 



NATIVE ARMY. 



Finances. The public debt of India stood 

 thus on March 81, 1882 : 



Consolidated debt ... 156,820,614 



Payable in India 88,653,162 



Payable in England 68,167,452 



Portions of debt not consolidated 15,321,948 



Total... 172.142,551 



Against debt March 81, 1881 170,854,615 



s,usw -pj ie k u( }g et estimates were as follow : 



ACTUAL INCOME AND OUTLAYS. 



City Population. The last census established 

 the population of the largest cities as follows : 



