424 



KENTUCKY. 



KOLBE, ADOLF W. H. 



by a qualified teacher for three months in districts 

 having 35 pupils or less, for four months in districts 

 having uiore than 35 and less than 45 pupils, and for 

 five months for districts having 45 or more pupils 

 during the same school-year, and at which every child 

 residing hi the district, between the ages of six and 

 twenty years, has had the privilege "of attending, 

 whether contributing toward defraying its expenses 

 or not. 



The annual resources of the school fund shall 

 consist of : 



The interest on the bond of the Commonwealth, 

 for $1,327,000, in aid of common schools, at the rate 

 of 6 per cent, per annum, payable January 1st and 

 July 1st. 



The dividends on 735 shares of the capital stock of 

 the Bank of Kentucky, representing a par value of 

 $73,500 ; owned by the State. 



The interest on the bond issued for surplus, due 

 the counties by the State, at the rate of 6 per cent, 

 per annum, payable on January and July 1st. 



The annual State tax of twenty-two cents on each 

 $100 of the taxable property of the State, " including 

 railroads^ and a proportionate share of the special 

 taxes paid by turnpike-roads, banks, and all other 

 corporations." 



The annual tax of fifty cents on each $100 of the 

 capital stock of the Farmers' Bank of Kentucky, of 

 the Bank of Kentucky, of the Farmers' and Drovers' 

 Bank, and of the Bank of Shelby ville. 



All other moneys and property-taxes, fines ; and 

 forfeitures, expressly set apart by existing laws in aid 

 of common schools. 



There may be a county tax not exceeding twenty- 

 five cents on $100, and one dollar on each poll, levied 

 for school purposes in any county a majority of whose 

 qualified electors shall vote for it. 



The Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Sec- 

 retary of State, the Attorney- General, and their suc- 

 cessors in office, together with two professional teach- 

 ers to be elected by them, shall be a body politic and 

 corporate, by the name and style of " Board of Edu- 

 cation for the State of Kentucky." 



There shall be a county superintendent of common 

 schools elected for two years by the qualified voters 

 of each county. The counties are divided into dis- 

 tricts, each of which is under the control of three 

 elective trustees. Towns and cities may have a sepa- 

 rate school organization. 



Colored school trustees for each colored school dis- 

 trict shall be elected at the same time and in the same 

 manner that white trustees are elected : Provided, 

 however. That no tax shall be levied upon the proper- 

 ty or poll, or any services required of any white per- 

 son to aid in building or repairing a school-house for 

 the use of colored children ; and no tax shall be levied 

 upon the property or poll, or any services required of 

 any colored person to aid in building or repairing a 

 school-house for the use of white children. And no 

 colored person shall be allowed to vote for a trustee 

 of a white school ; and no white person shall be al- 

 lowed to vote for a trustee of a colored school. It 

 shall not be lawful, under any of the provisions of 

 this act, for any white child to attend any common 

 school provided for colored children, or for any colored 

 child to attend any common school provided for white 

 children. 



There shall be separate teachers' institutes for col- 

 ored teachers, and they may have a separate State 

 Teachers' Association. 



United States Senator. On February 6, Jo- 

 seph S. 0. Blackburn, after a protracted strug- 

 gle in the Democratic caucus, was elected Unit- 

 ed States Senator. He was born on a farm in 

 Woodford county, Oct. 1, 1838. At the age 

 of fifteen, he was sent to a classical school in 

 Frankfort, whence he went to Centre College, 



Danville, graduating in 1857.* In 1858 he be- 

 gan the practice of law in Chicago, but returned 

 to his native county in 1860. Entering the 

 Confederate army in 1861, he served through 

 the war, after which he resided in Arkansas 

 until 1868, when he returned to his former 

 home. In 1871 and 1873 he was elected to the 

 Legislature of Kentucky. In 1874 he was sent 

 to Congress, and was serving his fifth term 

 when elected Senator. 



Political. The Republican State Convention 

 assembled in Louisville on the 1st of May, 

 chose delegates to the National Convention to 

 meet in Chicago, and nominated presidential 

 electors. The convention demanded the en- 

 forcement of all the constitutional amend- 

 ments, a free ballot and an honest count, the 

 continuance of the system of protection to 

 home industries, free tobacco, and national aid 

 to education. The Democratic State Conven- 

 tion met in Frankfort on the 7th of May, nomi- 

 nated presidential electors, and chose delegates 

 to the Democratic National Convention. The 

 resolutions adopted demand a tariff for revenue 

 only. 



On August 4th William H. Holt, Republic- 

 an, was elected judge of the court of appeals 

 for the first appellate district over Robert Rid- 

 dell, Democrat, by a vote of 33,608 to 32,983. 

 On the 4th of November the election resulted 

 as follows: Democratic elector?, 152,961 ; Re- 

 publican, 118,122; Butler, 1,691; St. John, 

 3,139. Ten Democratic and one Republican 

 (Ninth District) Congressmen were elected. 



KOLBE, ADOLF WILHELM HERMANN, a Ger- 

 man chemist, born in Elliehausen, Gottingen, 

 Sept. 27, 1818; died in Leipsic, Nov. 25, 1884. 

 He was educated at the Gymnasium of Gottin- 

 gen and at the university of that town, where 

 he studied chemistry under Wohler from 1838 

 to 1842. During the three following years he 

 was assistant to Bnnsen, at Marburg, and in 

 1846 he became the assistant of Sir Lyon Play- 

 fair, at the Museum of Economic Geology in 

 London. He was appointed successor to Bun- 

 sen in the professorship of Chemistry at the 

 University of Marburg in September, 1851. 

 This chair he held till 1865, when he was 

 called to take charge of the chemical labora- 

 tory at Leipsic. Under his direction a mag- 

 nificent laboratory was built, and at once thor- 

 oughly fitted up with the finest and most deli- 

 cate apparatus necessary to chemical research. 

 Students from all parts of the world flocked to 

 the lectures, and the department of chemistry 

 at Leipsic was by many considered superior 

 even to that of the University of Berlin. 



The greater portion of the many researches 

 of Kolbe lie in the domain of organic chemis- 

 try. He shares with Frankland (his associate 

 at Marburg and at London) the honor of origi- 

 nating the doctrine of the saturation capacity 

 of carbon, a doctrine that has been more fruit- 

 ful than any other in the development of the- 

 oretical organic chemistry. His publications 

 date from 1845, when his researches on the 



