Ti 



MANITOBA. 



465 



vice, in Egypt, where lie made the studies for toba Boundary Extension Act, held the west- 

 his " Nile-Hunt " and other Egyptian pieces, ern boundary of Ontario to be the meridian of 

 His designs and arrangements for the historical the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, 

 procession of April 24, 1879, in honor of the therefore the Province of Manitoba, where not 

 Emperor's silver wedding, were an artistic conflicting with Ontario, is entitled to the 

 triumph. That year he completed the series of territory east of that meridian. Therefore, ac- 

 cording to that view, the southeastern bound- 

 ary of Manitoba is the meridian of the north- 

 western angle of Lake of the Woods as far 

 north from the Minnesota border as English 



The Five Senses," which was followed by oth- 

 er symbolical representations, such as " Morn- 

 ing," "Noon," "Evening," and "Night," 

 '' Summer " and " Spring," etc. The " Chase 

 of Diana," painted in 1880, was one of the 

 finest representations of the German type of 

 female beauty. The " Entry of Charles V into 



river; thence up the English river, through 

 Lakes Lonely and Joseph, and down the Al- 

 bany river, eastward, to the meridian of the 



meridian till it intersects the northern parallel 

 of the province. 



Climate. The average rainfall in 1884 was, 

 for August, 4-22 inches ; for September, 3'633 

 inches a quantity much in excess of the av- 

 erage. The following indicates the temper- 

 ature, rain, and cloud in Manitoba from May 

 15 to September 15, from 1872 to 1884, and 

 also contrasts Manitoba with Toronto and 

 Montreal for the year 1884: 



Antwerp " gave new force to the moral in- Ohio and Mississippi ; thence north along that 



dignation at Makart's nudities, and was de- JJJ i211 ^ : ~ x *-**-- :--*-- 



scribed as a glorification of flesh. The "Two 

 Friends," "The Dream," "In the Spring- 

 time," and other smaller paintings, are modest 

 as well as lovely presentments of female beau- 

 ty. " Messalina " is a portrait of the actress 

 Charlotte Wolter. His last great work was a 

 "Judith," a strange and powerful conception. 

 Makart worked with astonishing rapidity, fin- 

 ishing the larp;3 painting of the " Hunt on the 

 Nile " in two weeks. Frequently he made no 

 sketches, but painted the figures directly upon 

 the canvas. In the handling of the brush, in 

 flesh-painting, in the treatment of stuffs, in 

 chiaroscuro, in brilliant effects of color, Ma- 

 kart produced results that had never been at- 

 tained in Germany, and that had an improv- 

 ing influence in the technique of painting, while 

 the reduction of the art by him to a merely 

 sensuous and decorative standard was deplored 

 by many as a deteriorating influence. The in- 

 fluence of the great colorist affected the taste 

 of the nation, and extended to all the trades 

 in which color is employed for ornament. 

 No German painter did as much as Makart 

 to kindle the love of art that characterizes 

 the younger generation in Germany. His 

 style was as free from artifice as from the 

 trammels of academic tradition. His charac- 

 ter was amiable, open, free from envy and 

 spite, and reckless of all selfish considerations. 

 He was so careless in choosing and mixing 

 pigments, that some of his finest paintings 

 have already faded; so absorbed in his art 

 and restless in his haste to realize his concep- 

 tions, taking his only relaxation in merry 

 feasts, that his neglect to take the needed re- 

 pose brought on his early death. Makart was 

 twice married first to a Vienna lady, who 

 bore him two children ; and in 1882, several 

 years after her death, to a theater-dancer, 

 Bertha Linda, who carefully tended him through 

 his last sufferings. 



MANITOBA. The most important events af- 

 fecting Manitoba in 1884 are those connected 

 with the Ontario boundary case. (See DOMIN- 

 ION OF CANADA.) The effect of the decision in 

 that case is to give Manitoba an eastern bound- 

 ary at the meridian traversing the northwest- 

 ern angle of Lake of the Woods. However, the 

 Privy Council took the view that, as the Do- 

 minion Government, at the time of the Mani- 

 TOL. xxiv. 30 A 



Crops. The hay cut in Manitoba during 1884 

 was: prairie hay, 226,854 tons, yielding 1'72 

 tons an acre ; of cultivated grasses and clovers, 

 V-087 tons, yielding T25 tons an acre. 



The wheat-crop, the all-important element 

 in a Manitoba farmer's life, has been carefully 

 watched for several years. The years 1883 

 -'84, on account of their extreme coldness, and 

 of the rains in 1884, have afforded strong tests 

 as to the capabilities of the province to pro- 

 duce wheat. Farmers have already learned 

 not to sow on spring-plowed land if it is pos- 

 sible to have fall-plowed ; and to sow as early 

 as the season will permit, for the spring months 

 are often very dry. Good crops may be har- 

 vested from spring plowing if the grain be well 

 bedded and get an even start ; but it ripens 

 later than that on fall plowing, hence is more 

 exposed to frosts. In 1883 the acreage under 

 wheat was 260,842 acres. The yield was over 

 5,686,355 bushels, or an average of 21-80 

 bushels an acre. In 1884 the acreage was 



