.NEW YORK (STATE). 



587 



Total number of tons of freight carried one 



mile ..................................... 9,822,518,571 



An increase of '39 per cent. 

 Average charges per ton per mile ............ $0.00 '8266 



Average expenses per ton per mile ........... ' 6278 



Average profits per ton per mile ........... '1988 



Total number of passengers carried one tnilo 



(exclusive of elevated roads) ............... 1,729,653,620 



An increase of *54 per cent. 

 Total earnings .............................. $126,204,164 



A decrease of 5- 16 per cent. 

 Average charge per passenger per mile ....... 



Average expenses per passenger per mile ..... 1 64 



Average profit per passenger per mile ........ *44 



Total operating expenses .................... $86,891,769 



Total paid for interest ....................... 26,832,803 



Amount of dividends paid ................... 17,892,315 



Percentage of net earnings to cost of road 



and equipment, as claimed in their reports 3 '38 



Total miles of road built in New York State . . 7,297 "89 



Total amount of stock and debt Sept. 30 ...... $1,268,220,758 



Total cost of road and equipment, as claimed in 



their annual reports ....................... 1,160,739,434 



The Railroad Commission, in discussing the 

 question of legislation affecting railroad charges, 

 announced the following general conditions : 



There should be entire publicity of railroad rates, 

 whether the same be tariff or special rates. 



Kailroads should not, as a general rule, charge more 

 between a terminal and an intermediate point, for a 

 like class and quantity of freight, than is charged be- 

 tween such terminal and a more distant point, even 

 though at such more distant point there be railroad or 

 water competition, unless railroads can affirmatively 

 establish such circumstances governing such compe- 

 tition as justify the higher charge for the shorter dis- 

 tance. 



Any form of contract or any kind of discrimination 

 against shippers, which compels citizens to refrain 

 from freely using the canals of the State in preference 

 to railroads, is against a sound public policy, and 

 ought not to be permitted. 



There is no form of specific rate-fixing legislation 

 *hat can be at present recommended. Such legis- 

 lation is not advisable in this State until it is estab- 

 lished that all proper modifications in rates and cor- 

 rection of existing wrongs can not be obtained under 

 existing la'ws, Avith the amendments as are hereafter 

 recommended. 



Schools. The total amount expended for com- 

 mon schools was $6,663,119 in cities, and 

 $5,171,792 in towns, a total of $1J, 834,911. 

 The public expenditure for educational pur- 

 poses is shown in the following statement: 



Wages of common-school teachers ........ . $7,985,722 



District libraries .............................. 39,107 



School apparatus .............................. 179,469 



Colored schools ............................... 34.435 



Buildings, siies, furniture, repairs, etc ......... 2,103,216 



Other expenses incident to the support of com- 



mon schools ................................. 1,492,729 



Support of academies .......................... 45,899 



Teachers' classes in academies .................. 19,149 



Teachers' institutes ............................ 18,303 



Normal schools ............................... 141 713 



Elmira Female College ............. '. ......... '.', 1,'555 



Indian schools ............................. ' . . . 9^,819 



Department of Public Instruction .............. 20 860 



Regents of the University ..................... 9253 



Salaries of school commissioners ................ 



Total ..................................... $12.212,351 



Corresponding total for 1833 ................... 12,217,327 



Decrease 



$4,975 



The value of school-houses and sites is $31,- 

 937,951 ; the whole number of pupils in the 

 public schools for the year, 1,000,057. In nor- 

 mal schools, colleges, academies, and private 

 schools there were 172,123. The number of 

 graduates from the eight normal schools was 



300. In reply to an inquiry from a Board of 

 School Trustees, regarding the right of teach- 

 ers to enforce the attendance of all pupils at 

 religious exercises at the opening of school- 

 sessions, the State Superintendent, in May, de- 

 clared that it was impracticable to have re- 

 ligious instruction in which all "classes and 

 sects could harmonize," and the only alter- 

 native "to preserve the benefits of constitu- 

 tional guarantees, in letter and spirit, and to 

 secure to all absolute equality of right in mat- 

 ters of religious predilection, must be, however 

 reluctantly the conclusion is arrived at, to ex- 

 clude religious instruction and exercises from 

 the public schools during school -hours." This 

 he declared to be the policy sanctioned by law 

 and practice in the State. 



Banks* There were, on Oct. 1, 89 banks of 

 discount and deposit, organized under State 

 laws, of which the total resources were $157,- 

 446,275. There had been an increase during 

 the year preceding of $389,000 in capital, $177,- 

 480 in surplus, and $469,004 in undivided prof- 

 its, but deposits had fallen off $4,354,629, and 

 loans and discounts $3,979,718. The aggregate 

 resources of trust, loan, mortgage, and guaran- 

 tee companies, on the 1st of July, were $151,- 

 629,464, a decrease of $8,508,300 for the year. 



Insurance. The latest annual report of the 

 Insurance Department covers the calendar year 

 1883. It shows that the assets of the twelve 

 New York life-insurance companies were 

 $251,973,410 ; income, $54,952,752 ; expendi- 

 tures, $42,412,130 ; number of policies in force, 

 341,379; full 'amount of risks, $977,070,669. 

 Seventeen other companies doing business in 

 the State had $219,832,510 of assets, $37,610,- 

 011 income, $29,331,458 expenditures, 364,262 

 policies in force, and $784,659,346 of risks. 

 There were 125 co-operative societies, with 

 $674,486.23 cash, and $1,780,544.53 other as- 

 sets, and $1,149,609.05 of liabilities. 



Immigration. The number of immigrants ar- 

 riving at the port of New York during the 

 calendar year was 385,622, of whom 330,030 

 were aliens. Of the latter, 141,922 came from 

 Germany, 39,966 from Ireland, 32,086 from 

 England, 16,722 from Sweden, 9,942 from Nor- 

 way, 14,076 from Italy, 12,432 from Russia, 

 1,237 from Switzerland, 7,100 from Denmark, 

 7,093 from Bohemia, 3,029 from the Nether- 

 lands, 6,872 from Scotland, 3,731 from Austria, 

 1,776 from Wales, 3,898 from France, 15,797 

 from Hungary, 242 from Luxemburg, 1,971 

 from Belgium, 962 from Spain, 72 from Tur- 

 key, and 3,104 from other countries. The 

 avowed destination of 111,472 of these was 

 the State of New York. The total receipts of 

 the Emigration Commission from the U. S. 

 Treasury, rentals, boarding-house permits, and 

 other sources, were $187,985.28 ; expenditures, 

 $181,418.48. The Information Bureau at Cas- 

 tle Garden directed 23,013 immigrants to their 

 friends, and forwarded 486 children to their 

 destination. The licensed boarding-house 

 keepers lodged 41,483 immigrants. The num- 



