OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



617 



Men of Genius from the Public," " Gregory 

 VII," a tragedy; "A New Spirit of the Age," 

 "Spirit of Peers and People," "Ballads and 

 Romances," "Judas Iscariot," a miracle-play ; 

 "The Dreamer and the Worker," "Prome- 

 theus, the Fi re -B ringer," a lyrical drama; 

 "John the Baptist, or the Valor of the Soul," 

 and " The Apocryphal Book of Job's Wife." 

 He was also a voluminous writer for periodi- 

 cals. In 183 1 he competed for the prize offered 

 by the Spanish Academy for a poem on Calde- 

 ron. Through some technical defect, the prize 

 was not awarded, but the medal struck in 

 Madrid was presented to him. 



Hallah, John, an English musician, born in 

 Worcester, in 1812; died in February, 1884. 

 At the age of twenty he became a student at 

 the Royal Academy of Music, and he also stud- 

 ied the art of singing under 'Horsley and Cri- 

 velli. In 1836 he brought out in London an 

 opera entitled "Ths Village Coquettes," of 

 which Charles Dickens wrote the libretto, and 

 within the next two years he produced " The 

 Barber of Bussora" arid " Tke Outpost." In 

 1840 he undertook the task of improving and 

 extending the method of teaching singing in 

 large classes, and developed a plan that is now 

 identified with his name. It was popular from 

 the beginning, the classes were very large, and 

 in 1847 St. Martin's Hall, Long- Acre, London, 

 was built for him. This was burned down in 

 1860, but he continued his series of concerts, 

 in which some celebrated singers made their 

 debut. It is estimated that he taught vocal 

 music to about 25,000 persons in twenty years. 

 He was Professor of Vocal Music in King's 

 College, Queen's College, and Bedford College, 

 London, between 1844 and 1874, and from 

 1872 to 1882 was inspector of music in train- 

 ing colleges in England and Scotland. In 1876 

 the University of Edinburgh made him LL. D. 

 His publications include " A Grammar of Har- 

 mony," " A Grammar of Counterpoint," " His- 

 tory of Modern Music," and " The Transition 

 Period of Musical History," besides essays. 



JerroM, William Blanchard, an English author, 

 born in London, in 1826 ; died there, March 10, 

 1884. He was the eldest son of Douglas Jer- 

 rold. He was educated partly in France, 

 studied art, and illustrated some of his father's 

 articles. When the London " Daily News " was 

 founded, in 1846, he was one of the staff of 

 editors, and wrote for it a series entitled " The 

 Literature of the Poor." He also wrote much 

 for his father's weekly paper, and in 1857 suc- 

 ceeded him as the editor of " Lloyd's." In 

 1863 he visited Paris to study the management 

 of the poor, and in 1869 visited Holland for a 

 similar purpose. In 1879 he presided over the 

 Congress of the International Literary Associa- 

 tion in London. His numerous works include 

 " The Disgrace of the Family," " The Progress 

 of a Bill," " As Cool as a Cucumber," a farce, 

 " The Chatterbox," a comedy, " Swedish 

 Sketches," " Imperial Paris." " The Chronicles 

 of a Crutch," " Two Lives," " Up and Down 



in the World," " On the Boulevards," " The 

 Christian Vagabond," and lives of Douglas 

 Jerrold, George Cruikshank, and Napoleon 



Klinkcrfiiss, Wilhelm, a German astronomer, 

 born in Hofgeismar, March 29, 1827; died by 

 his own hand in Gottingen, Jan. 20, 1884. 

 After leaving the Polytechnic School at Cassel, 

 he was employed as a surveyor until he took 

 up the study of astronomy at Gottingen under 

 Gauss, whom he succeeded as director of the 

 observatory. He wrote " Theoretical Astron- 

 omy " and many other works on this subject 

 and on meteorology, in which he was equally 

 an authority. He invented a hygrometer, and 

 was the organizer of the system of daily me- 

 teorological observations in Germany, though 

 the imperfect indications of the hygrometer 

 for predicting the approach of rain brought 

 the system into disrepute. 



Lacroix, Paul, known as "Bibliophile Jacob," 

 a French author, born in Paris in 1807 ; died in 

 October, 1884. He wrote aperies of fictitious 

 memoirs of historical personages, followed by 

 a history of the sixteenth century, in 1835, and 

 histories of French society in the seventeenth 

 and eighteenth centuries and under the Direct- 

 ory, and a great number of other writings of 

 antiquarian interest. 



Laube, Ilcinrirh, a German political author 

 and dramatist, born in Spottau, in Silesia, Sept. 

 18, 1806 ; died in Vienna, Aug. 1, 1884. He 

 went to Halle a poor theological student, where 

 he was carried away with the political ideas of 

 the time and with the pleasures of student-life. 

 He was sent away to Breslau on account of his 

 suspected connection with the students' socie- 

 ties, and soon joined the band of political en- 

 thusiasts in Leipsic, and became a journalist of 

 note and a daring advocate of the new ideas. 

 Banished from Saxony in 1834, he rashly went 

 to Berlin, where he was kept nine months in 

 jail, then subjected to a long examination, 

 during which he was placed under police sur- 

 veillance at Naumburg, and finally sentenced 

 to a year's imprisonment. Influential friends 

 obtained a relaxation of the sentence, which 

 enabled him to serve out the term pleasantly 

 with his wife, whom he married in 1837, on 

 the estate of Count Puckler at Muskau. Laube 

 was the last survivor of the group of political 

 reformers known as Young Germany, of which 

 he was the boldest and the most radical repre- 

 sentative. He published two volumes of po- 

 litical essays, entitled " The New Century," in 

 1832 and 1833, and in the next four years his 

 novel of "Young Europe," besides many short- 

 er tales. The success of his " Karlschuler " in 

 1848 led to his appointment the following year 

 as director of the Vienna Court Theatre. In 

 1848 he was elected to the Frankfort Parlia- 

 ment from a Bohemian town, but soon re- 

 signed. The political situation is described in 

 his book on " The First German Parliament." 

 Among his most successful plays are " Struen- 

 see," " Graf Essex," " Cato von Eisen," "Mon- 



