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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



and this post he continued to occupy until 

 a short time before his death, with the excep- 

 tion of some time between 1862 and 1871. 

 During this period he edited u Les Mondes," 

 and in 1871 the two journals were united un- 

 der the title " Cosmos les Mondes." More than 

 one hundred volumes on scientific subjects are 

 credited to him, besides the twenty-one vol- 

 umes of the " Cosmos " and fifty-eight of " Les 

 Mondes." Among his works, in addition to 

 those mentioned, are " Memoirs sur le St6reo- 

 scope et le Saccharimetre " ; " Les Eclairages 

 modernes " ; " Les Agents explosifs," and ex- 

 cellent translations of Tyndall's works on the 

 sun, on light, and on heat. He edited and 

 published a series of works called " Actualite's 

 Scientifiques," several of which, such as " La 

 Mnemotechnie," were written by himself. His 

 most important publication was "Les Splen- 

 deurs de la Foi" (5 vols., 8vo, 1879). This 

 was supplemented by " Les Splendeurs de la 

 Foi, illustrees." The French Government in 

 1872 appointed him Canon to the Chapter of 

 St. Denis, and during the same year he was 

 again received into the order of Jesuits. He 

 held many honors, and was widely known as 

 well as universally respected. An elaborate 

 biographical sketch of him appeared in " Cos- 

 mos les Mondes" of July 19, 1884. 



Moreno, Juan Ignace, Cardinal, Archbishop of 

 Toledo, born in Guatemala in 1817; died in 

 1884. He was educated in Spain for a Fran- 

 ciscan monk, but, after the expropriation of 

 the monasteries in 1839, entered the regular 

 priesthood in 1842. He returned to Spain 

 from Cuba and South America, where he had 

 labored as a missionary, and was appointed 

 royal chaplain and confessor to Queen Isabella, 

 became Bishop of Valladolid in 1863, and re- 

 ceived a cardinal's hat in 1868. "When the 

 primacy became vacant, he succeeded to it. 



Nerses, Armenian Patriarch, born in 1834; 

 died in Constantinople, Nov. 8, 1884. He was 

 educated for the priesthood in Adrianople, was 

 made Bishop of Sis for his services in allay- 

 ing the revolt in Zeitoun, was commissioner of 

 the Turkish Armenians at the election of the 

 Catholicos George IV, and was chosen Patri- 

 arch of Constantinople in 1874. He struggled 

 for the emancipation of the Armenian peasants 

 in Anatolia from their Kurdish landlords. His 

 conflict with the Kurds and with tyrannical 

 pashas brought him frequently into collision 

 with the Porte, which failed to recognize his 

 services in keeping the Armenian nation from 

 embracing the cause of Russia in the Russo- 

 Turkish War. Elected Catholicos of Etshmi- 

 adzin in 1884, he made his acceptance condi- 

 tional on the abolition of the Russian statute 

 that places Turkish Armenians at a disadvan- 

 tage. During his conflicts with the Porte he 

 often offered his resignation. Shortly before 

 his death, he resigned in earnest, on account 

 of the abrogation of the autonomous privileges 

 of the Armenians. 



Pahlen, Count Nicholas, born in Revel, Russia, 



in April, 1788 ; died in Cannes, Dec. 6, 1884. 

 He was a son of Gen. Count Pahlen, who was 

 the leader of the conspiracy against the Em- 

 peror Paul. On the completion of his course 

 at the university, he in 1810 accompanied his 

 elder brother, the Russian minister, to the 

 United States. He visited Jefferson at Monti- 

 cello and John Adams at Quincy, and was well 

 acquainted with Madison and all the members 

 of his Cabinet. For seventy years he resided 

 in the various capitals of Europe, and knew 

 intimately many of the most eminent men of 

 the century. He was a person of fortune, who 

 never held any office, but was believed to be 

 one of the many secret agents employed by 

 his Government. This venerable man always 

 enjoyed good health, and at length passed away 

 without any other malady than old age. 



Pattison, Mark, an English scholar and author, 

 born in Hornby, Yorkshire, in 1813 ; died July 

 30, 1884. He was graduated at Oriel College, 

 Oxford, in 1836. In 1840 he was elected Fel- 

 low of Lincoln College, Oxford, and took dea- 

 con's orders. In 1861 he became rector of his 

 college, and trustee of the Crewe Charities. He 

 was classical examiner of the university in 

 1848 and 1853, and assistant commissioner to 

 inquire into elementary education in Germany. 

 His later years were devoted purely to literary 

 and philosophical writing. Among his works 

 are: "Tendencies of Religious Thought in 

 England, 1688-1750" (1860); "Annotations 

 on Pope's Essay on Man" (1869); "Annota- 

 tions on Pope's Satires and Epistles" (1872); 

 "Life of Isaac Casaubon " (1875); "Life of 

 Milton " (1880) ; " Milton's Sonnets, with 

 Notes " (1882). His " Life and Letters " are an- 

 nounced for publication in 1885. His wife, 

 Emilia Frances Strong, was a daughter of Col. 

 Strong of the Madras army. She was art- 

 critic for the " Academy," and in 1879 pub- 

 lished "The Renaissance of Art in France" 

 (2 vols.), illustrated by herself. 



Pogge, Dr. Paul, a German explorer ; died in 

 St. Paul de Loanda, March 17, 1884. His travels 

 in the Loanda country in 1875 gave him a repu- 

 tation. In 1881 he returned with Lieut. Wiss- 

 mann to explore the Congo region from Loanda. 

 They penetrated to Nyangwe after exploring 

 Lake Lincoln, and then Pogge returned and 

 spent some time in the Lulua and Cassai re- 

 gions, while Wissmann crossed the continent. 



Pratt, Giovanni, an Italian poet, born in the 

 Italian Tyrol, Jan. 27, 1815; died in Rome, 

 May 9, 1884. He studied in Trent and in Pa- 

 dua, where he published his first poems, which 

 at once captivated Italy with their lyric move- 

 ment and harmonious style. His inspiration 

 gradually deserted him, partly in consequence 

 of his hard treatment at the hands of the Re- 

 publicans of Venice and Florence in 1848. For 

 his attachment to the Savoy dynasty they ma- 

 ligned and abused him, threw him into prison, 

 and finally sent him into exile. The old fire 

 and grace marked the productions of his last 

 period, when he was honored as the laureate 



