622 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. 



are now foremost in the chemical world, were 

 at that time assistants in the laboratory. After 

 two years spent in study and research at the 

 German university, Smith returned to England 

 in 1841. Shortly afterward he became assistant 

 to Dr. Lyon Playfair, who had preceded him 

 at Giessen, and who was at this time engaged in 

 a sanitary commission. This occupation proved 

 to be the starting-point of those researches in 

 sanitary science for which Dr. Smith subse- 

 quently became so celebrated. His first paper 

 was published in the " Journal of the Chemi- 

 cal Society," in 1846. Two years later, at the 

 meeting of the British Association at Swan- 

 sea, he read an important paper " On the Air 

 and Water of Towns." Soon after this, two 

 memoirs, one " On the Air of Towns," and the 

 other "On the Air and Rain of Manchester," 

 were published, both of which were of great 

 sanitary value, as they called attention to sub- 

 jects that thus far had been almost entirely 

 neglected. His reputation as an authority on 

 sanitary matters having become fully estab- 

 lished, numerous papers, on such subjects as 

 "Sewage and Sewage Rivers," "Disinfect- 

 ants," "Putrefaction in Food," etc., were con- 

 tributed by him to the " Journal of the Chemi- 

 cal Society." the "Journal of the Society of 

 Arts," and the "Journal of the Philosophical 

 Society of Manchester." In 1854 he published 

 a valuable "History of the Atomic Theory, 

 and Memoir of Dalton," a work of very great 

 value at that time. In 1863 he was appointed 

 Inspector-General of the Alkali- Works. His 

 annual reports, many of which contain special 

 papers written by himself, are highly valued. 

 His " Report on the Air of Mines and Confined 

 Places" (1864) was an important contribution 

 to sanitary science, and contained many valu- 

 able facts relating to ventilation. Among his 

 larger works are "Disinfectants and Disinfec- 

 tion " (1869), " Air and Rain " (1872), " Chemi- 

 cal and Physical Researches of Graham " 

 (1876), and " A Centenary of Science in Man- 

 chester " (1883). Several essays and works of 

 antiquarian interest were published by him; 

 one of the last being a volume entitled " Loch 

 Etive and the Sons of Uisnach," which ap- 

 peared anonymously. Dr. Smith was elected 

 a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1857; he was 

 a corresponding member of the Royal Bava- 

 rian Academy, and Vice-President of the Lon- 

 don Chemical Society, of the Literary and 

 Philosophical Society of Manchester, and of the 

 Institute of Chemistry. He assisted in the 

 Jury of the International Exhibition at London 

 in 1862, and of the French Exposition held at 

 Paris in 1878. 



Somerset, Jane Georgiana, Duchess of, the 

 youngest of the three beautiful daughters of 

 Thomas Sheridan, the son of the orator and 

 dramatist Richard Brinsley Sheridan, born in 

 London, March 1.0, 1810; died there, Dec. 14, 

 1884. She married, June 10, 1830, Edward 

 Adolphus, Lord Seymour, who succeeded his 

 father as the thirteenth Duke of Somerset, Aug. 



1 8, 1855. Lady Seymour presided as the Queen 

 of Beauty at the famous Eglinton Tournament. 

 The issue of the marriage consisted of two sons 

 and three daughters. The eldest son died un- 

 married, and the second son was accidentally 

 killed in 1805. The Duchess's sisters were Lady 

 Dufferin, mother of the present Governor-Gen- 

 eral of India, and Mrs. Caroline Norton, the 

 poetess, whose second husband was Sir William 

 Stirling Maxwell. The Duchess was a lady of 

 many accomplishments, and the friend of Thom- 

 as Moore, Lord Macaulay, and other eminent 

 men of letters. 



Stang, Fredrik, a Norwegian statesman, born in 

 1812 ; died June 10, 1884. He was the leader 

 of the Conservative party, and took a chief 

 part in the constitutional struggle that ended 

 in the impeachment and dismissal of the late 

 Cabinet. After taking his degree at the Uni- 

 versity of Christiania, he became a Professor of 

 Civil Law, and won distinction at the bar. He 

 was appointed a Councilor of State in 1846, 

 and remained in office, most of the time at the 

 head of the Government, until 1880. 



Stronsberg, Bethel Henry, a German financier, 

 died May 31, 1884. After a long experience 

 in England and the United States, as mer- 

 chant, journalist, and lawyer, he returned to 

 Berlin in 1855 as agent for an English in- 

 surance company, and legal adviser to the 

 British embassy. In 1861 he obtained the con- 

 tract for the construction of a railroad, as 

 agent for an English company. He soon ob- 

 tained capital and credit enough to take con- 

 tracts to build the Prussian railroads on his 

 own account, and then Hungarian, Austrian, 

 Roumanian, and Russian railroads. He bought 

 mines, furnaces, and locomotive-works, built 

 up towns for his laborers in Germany, Hol- 

 land, and Bohemia, and became the largest 

 employer in the world. He locked up an enor- 

 mous capital, not only in his mines and indus- 

 trial establishments, but in the purchase and 

 improvement of numerous estates, in buildings 

 in Berlin, particularly the new cattle-market, 

 and in restoring the old royal castle, and im- 

 proving the mines and forests at Zbirow in 

 Bohemia. The loss of 20,000,000 florins in the 

 Austrian railroads, the stoppage of his business 

 in consequence of the war of 1870, the expro- 

 priation of the Roumanian railroads, and the 

 settlement for 6,000,000 thalers, the depression 

 of 1873, and the competition of rival establish- 

 ments after 1875, left him irretrievably bank- 

 rupt. He was arrested in Moscow, and sen- 

 tenced to transportation for swindling, but 

 obtained his liberty again the following year, 

 and returned to Berlin, where he published an 

 autobiography. He also published a newspa- 

 per, and at the time of his death was writing a 

 work on political and literary subjects. 



Sullivan, Alexander Martin, an Irish politician, 

 born in Castletown in 1830; died at Dartry in 

 August, 1884. He was of peasant birth, and 

 attended only the elementary schools. He was 

 an etcher and wood-engraver in Dublin, and 



