PERU. 



PHARMACY. 



fras perfected between Chili and Bolivia, by 

 which a truce was established for three years, 

 but with the condition that Chili would allow 

 no hostile demonstrations on the part of Bo- 

 livia toward Peru. This was interpreted as 

 implying a decisive denial to the desires of 

 Bolivia regarding Tacna and Arica, and fur- 

 thermore as a veto to any attempt that might 

 be made by the former ally of Peru toward 

 gaining an' outlet to the sea by way of Are- 

 quipa and Mollendo. On February 8 Gen. 

 Campero invited the notables and heads of po- 

 litical parties to assist at a national conference 

 to determine whether to accept the truce ar- 

 ranged at -Santiago, or continue the war. At 

 the same time, northern Peru was greatly dis- 

 turbed owing to the reappearance of montane- 

 ros. The latter, defeated at Llollon, returned 

 by way of Huamachuco, entering Trujillo, 

 which was without a garrison. While Col. 

 Alarco operated against the marauders at Ca- 

 jamarca, Salaverry was occupied by montane- 

 ros under Puga. 



On Feb. 14 a water-spout caused damage at 

 Arequipa, the loss being estimated at $500,01)0. 

 Several persons were drowned. 



On February 22 the representatives of the 

 various European powers held a conference at 

 Lima, to prepare a protest against one of the 

 clauses of the treaty of peace. The French 

 minister was chosen to present the protest to 

 the Government. The protesting powers de- 

 cided to follow the programme presented by 

 England and France. 



On March 1 the Peruvian Congress convened 

 at Lima, and Gen. Iglesias took the oath of 

 office as Provisional President of the Republic. 



On March 10 the Constituent Assembly rati- 

 fied the treaty of peace with Chili. 



By March 20 the following foreign nations 

 had formally recognized the government of 

 Gen. Iglesias : Ecuador, Bolivia, Hayti, Costa 

 Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, the Swiss Confed- 

 eration, Denmark, and Sweden, besides the 

 Holy Father. 



On the resignation of the Barrinaga Cabinet, 

 the President formed a new one early in April. 



Recognition by Great Britain and France 

 followed early in May. On May 27 Mr. El- 

 more, the Peruvian minister at Washington, 

 was officially received by President Arthur, to 

 whom he presented his credentials. 



On May 29 the ports of Loma and Chola 

 were closed by a Government decree. 



On July 8 Iglesias resigned the presidency, 

 and ordered a general election for President 

 and Vice-President, and also for Senators and 

 Deputies of the new Congress. At the same 

 time Gen. Iglesias withdrew his forces from 

 the provinces and concentrated them at Lima. 



On July 24 Gen. C4ceres proclaimed himself 

 Provisional President of the Republic at Tarma. 

 By the middle of August it had become evi- 

 dent that peace negotiations between Iglesias 

 and Caceres had finally failed, and that the re- 

 spective forces would soon come into collision 



at the very gates of the capital, where Gen. 

 Iglesias was in command of a well-equipped 

 little army of about 5,000 men. While Caceres 

 was moving on Lima, Iglesias strengthened his 

 hands politically by a combination with the 

 Pierola element. On August 27, at 4 A. M., Ca- 

 ceres and his little army made the attack and 

 met with a disastrous and bloody repulse, leav- 

 ing 500 prisoners in the hands of the Govern- 

 ment troops, but effected his escape to Pisco. 



Caceres entered Arequipa early in October 

 at the head of 1,800 men. The Government 

 troops under Commander Gonzalez were mean- 

 while victorious at Huaura, defeating and dis- 

 persing 300 montaneros, and capturing ammu- 

 nition, arms, and baggage. After resting, he 

 occupied Huacho on October 2. 



Gen. Iglesias continued the arduous task of 

 reorganizing the government of Peru. Opera- 

 tions against the montaneros were actively 

 prosecuted in November and December. The 

 central districts were entirely pacified. The 

 ferocious and sanguinary disposition of Caceres 

 was acquiring a deeper hue daily. His shoot- 

 ing of upward of twenty of the poor, ignorant 

 Indians that he had forced into service, because 

 they demanded payment, threw a gloom of ter- 

 ror over Arequipa almost equal to that which 

 occurred in the army of the center, which Pie- 

 rola had confided to him after the capture of 

 Lima, when Caceres, turning traitor to make 

 himself President, shot forty cavalrymen in 

 Matucana, to signalize his accession to power. 



A heavy shock of earthquake was felt at 

 Lima at 7.13 A. M. on November 22. Its mo- 

 tion was from southwest to northeast. There 

 was no unusual electric disturbance. Clouds 

 of dust were visible from three to five miles 

 from Callao, where portions of the rock were 

 shaken down on the beach. The walls of many 

 houses were cracked, and some thrown down. 



PHARMACY. The discovery and introduction 

 of cocaine hydrochloride as a local anaesthetic 

 was the important event in scientific pharmacy 

 during 1884. A steady advancement in all 

 branches of the art is apparent. 



Colleges. A bill incorporating the Louisville 

 School of Pharmacy for Women was passed 

 by the Kentucky Legislature during the early 

 part of the year. The School of Pharmacy 

 connected with Purdue University, Lafayette, 

 Ind., was successfully inaugurated. The Cleve- 

 land School of Pharmacy, on account of the 

 stringent pharmacy law adopted in Ohio, has 

 introduced a higher course of studies, and now 

 ranks with the other colleges of pharmacy. 

 An entrance examination was demanded for 

 the first time this year from students entering 

 the New York College of Pharmacy. 



Legislation. The following States have phar- 

 macy laws : Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, 

 Illinois, Kentucky, Maine, Missouri, New 

 Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North 

 Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, 

 West Virginia, and Wisconsin. The law in 

 Ohio was enacted in March, 1884, while that 



