650 



PHAEMAOY. 



PHILLIPS, WENDELL. 



of New York was signed in May. Local laws 

 are in force at Philadelphia, San Francisco, 

 Buffalo, New York, and Brooklyn. 



Associations. The thirty-second annual meet- 

 ing of the American Pharmaceutical Associa- 

 tion was held at Milwaukee, Wis., beginning on 

 August 26. Its sessions were continued dur- 

 ing three days. John Ingalls, of Georgia, was 

 chosen President, and John M. Maisch, of Penn- 

 sylvania, Permanent Secretary. The drug- 

 clerks of many of our larger cities have formed 

 themselves into societies for mutual protection 

 and scientific advancement. The " New York 

 Protective Association of Drug-Clerks" was 

 organized in March. In October the " Orleans 

 Drug-Clerks' Association" of New Orleans 

 came into existence. 



Trade Organizations. The "National Retail 

 Druggists' Association" convened at Milwaukee, 

 Wis., on August 25. The " Campion plan " was 

 approved. Henry Canning, of Massachusetts, 

 was chosen President, and J. W. Colcord, of 

 Massachusetts, Secretary. The ninth annual 

 meeting of the "National Wholesale Drug As- 

 sociation " was held at St. Louis, Mo., begin- 

 ning on October 22. The "Campion plan" 

 and " Rebate plan " were very thoroughly dis- 

 cussed, and the former received the approval of 

 the Association. C. F. G. Meyer, of Missouri, 

 was chosen President, and A. B. Merriam, of 

 Ohio, Secretary. 



Trade Relations. For the better protection of 

 the trade interests of the retail druggists, va- 

 rious plans have been suggested and adopted. 

 Early in the year the New York Druggists' 

 Union was organized, shortly after a Brooklyn 

 Drug Union was formed, and soon, throughout 

 the country, city and county associations were 

 organized for the purpose of maintaining full 

 prices for proprietary goods. At the solicita- 

 tion of the retailers, many of the manufacturers 

 combined, and the " Campion plan " was adopt- 

 ed. Its essential features are, that by the 

 united action of the manufacturers no goods 

 can be sold by any jobber, nor by any re- 

 tailer, except at a fixed schedule of prices. 

 Any one violating the rules of the Association 

 was cut off and thereby prohibited from re- 

 ceiving goods from those in the plan. In this 

 manner the retail druggists thought themselves 

 able to control the prices of various proprie- 

 tary articles. For a time the plan promised 

 success, but, as many of the leading houses have 

 withdrawn from the plan, its future can not 

 be accepted as assured. 



Literature. Among the important books pub- 

 lished during the year were : " A Companion 

 to the United States Pharmacopoeia," by Oscar 

 Oldberg and Otto A. Wall, and a third edition of 

 "The National Dispensatory, "by Alfred Stille 

 and John M. Maisch. This book was prepared 

 from the recent editions of the Pharmacopoeias 

 of the United States, Germany, France, and 

 Great Britain, all of which have recently been 

 revised and have been published since 1880. 

 In April was published the " New York and 



Brooklyn Formulary," a book containing un- 

 officinal formulas that are always in a dispens- 

 ing pharmacy. It was the joint production of 

 committees appointed from the different phar- 

 maceutical organizations of both cities. A 

 journal entitled " American Drugs and Medi- 

 cines," devoted to the historical and scientific 

 discussion of the botany, pharmacy, chemistry, 

 and therapeutics of the medicinal plants in 

 America, was begun in March, in Cincinnati, O. 

 PHILLIPS, WENDELL, an American philan- 

 thropist and orator, born in Boston, Mass., 

 Nov. 29, 1811 ; died there, Feb. 2, 1884. Ilia 

 father was John Phillips, the first mayor of 

 the city of Boston. Wendell was graduated 

 at Harvard College in 1831, entered the law 

 school at Cambridge, and was admitted to the 

 bar in 1834. His sympathies were strongly 

 roused by the hard measures meted out to the 

 early abolitionists, and particularly during the 

 Boston mob, headed by gentlemen of property 

 and high standing in the community, in Octo- 

 ber, 1835, when the chief of the abolitionists, 

 William Lloyd Garrison, barely escaped with 

 his life. Mr. Phillips thereupon joined heart 

 and soul with the abolition cause, and went 

 so far as to throw up his law practice in 1839 

 because he could not conscientiously swear al- 

 legiance to the Federal Constitution. In De- 

 cember, 1837, a meeting was called in Faneuil 

 Hall to consider and condemn the murder of 

 Rev. Elijah P. Lovejoy at Alton, 111., who fell 

 the month previous in defense of the free- 

 dom of the press. The pro-slavery feeling in 

 Boston, at that date, was very strong, and At- 

 torney-General Austin, who spoke at the meet- 

 ing, asked whether Lovejoy had not died "as 

 the fool dieth." This roused to indignant pro- 

 test the youthful orator, who rose and deliv- 

 ered one of the most powerful speeches ever 

 heard in Faneuil Hall, and rebuked the craven 

 spirit of so many that were willing to crush 

 the liberty of the press and trample under 

 foot the rights of humanity. From this date 

 till 4861 he was a prominent leader and the 

 most popular orator among the abolitionists. 

 Holding that the Constitution was an unright- 

 eous compact between freedom and slavery, 

 Mr. Phillips refused to recognize its authority 

 by voting, or in any other manner. He advo- 

 cated disunion as the only way that he could 

 discover out of the difficulties of the slavery 

 question, and when the civil war broke out he 

 favored sustaining the Government, inasmuch 

 as the end must be freedom to the slave. In 

 1863-'64 he advocated arming, educating, and 

 enfranchising the freedmen, and, having be- 

 come President of the Anti-Slavery Society in 

 1865, he continued its existence in behalf of 

 the freedmen at the South until the adoption 

 of the fifteenth amendment to the Constitu- 

 tion. As this settled the question at issue, the 

 society was dissolved in April, 1870. During 

 this latter year he was the Temperance and 

 Labor Reform candidate for Governor of Mas- 

 sachusetts, and received nearly 20,000 votes. ' 



