740 



SPAIN. 



one respect ; where he bases his action in discontinu- 

 ing these cases on the ground that it was impossible to 

 secure convictions on account of the state of public 

 sentiment. This might seem to carry with it the im- 

 putation that convictions with competent and sufficient 

 evidence could not have been obtained. I deny that 

 such is the truth. There is no case, in my judgment, 

 which the district attorney has brought to trial 

 which, if the judge had been sitting alone, would 

 have resulted in a conviction of the accused. Con- 

 victions have not resulted because there has been no 

 evidence against the accused upon which to have a 

 conviction. 



SPAIN, a monarchy in southern Europe. By 

 the Constitution of 1876 the legislative power 

 is vested in the Cortes with the King. The 

 ministers are responsible to the Cortes, and 

 must countersign all royal decrees. The Cor- 

 tes are composed of a Senate and a House of 

 Deputies. Senators are of three classes : Cer- 

 tain high public functionaries and princes of 

 the blood royal and grandees of Spain, who 

 are senators in their own right ; senators nomi- 

 nated for life by the Crown ; and senators elect- 

 ed for five years by corporations and citizens 

 paying the highest taxes. The first two classes 

 together must not exceed 180 members, which 

 is also the limit of the third class. 



The Chamber of Deputies is composed of 

 members chosen for five years by the electoral 

 colleges, in the proportion of one to every 50,- 

 000 inhabitants. A royal decree of Aug. 8, 

 1878, grants to Cuba the privilege of sending 

 deputies to the Cortes in the proportion of 

 one to every 40,000 free inhabitants paying 

 taxes to the amount of not less than 125 pese- 

 tas ($25) annually. Deputies must be at least 

 twenty-five years of age, and may be re-elected 

 indefinitely. A deputy can not without resign- 

 ing accept a pension, an office under the Gov- 

 ernment or in the royal household, or a deco- 

 ration. Ministers are exempt from this law. 

 Both houses sit every year. The King has the 

 power to convoke, suspend, or dissolve them ; 

 but in the last case a new Cortes must meet 

 within three months. The president and vice- 

 president of the Senate are appointed by the 

 Crown from among the senators only. The 

 King and each Chamber possess the right of 

 initiating legislation. All money bills must 

 originate in the Chamber of Deputies. The 

 Roman Catholic faith is the state religion. 

 Each province has a local assembly. 



The reigning sovereign is Alfonso XII, son 

 of ex-Queen Isabella II, born Nov. 28, 1857, 

 and proclaimed King Dec. 30, 1874. He was 

 married Jan. 23, 1878, to Marie-de-las-Merce- 

 des, daughter of the Due de Montpensier, and 

 Nov. 29, 1879, to Maria Christina, daughter of 

 Archduke Charles Ferdinand of Austria. He 

 has two daughters by the second marriage. 



The Ministry. The Cabinet, formed Jan. 18, 

 1884, is composed as follows: President of the 

 Council, A. Canovas del Castillo; Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs, J. de Elduayen, Marquis del 

 Pazo de la Merced ; Minister of Grace and Jus- 

 tice, F. de Silvela ; Minister of Marine, J. An- 

 tequera y Bobadilla; Minister of Finance, F. 



Cos Gay on ; Minister of War7 J. de Quesada, 

 Marquis de Mira vail es; Minister of the Interi- 

 or, F. Eomero y Robledo ; Minister of Com- 

 merce and Agriculture, A. Pidal y Mon ; Min- 

 ister of the Colonies, Count de Tejeda de Val- 

 dosera. (For statistics of area and population, 

 see "Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1883.) 



Finances. The total receipts of the treasury, 

 as stated in the budget for the year ending 

 June 30, 1885, are 880,331,420 pesetas, of which 

 264,960,000 proceed from direct taxes, 131,- 

 479,000 from indirect, 137,938,000 from cus- 

 toms, 261,290,000 from stamps and regie, 30,- 

 420,420 from national property, 54,215,000 

 from the public treasury, and 29,000 from va- 

 rious sources. The total expenditures are 

 placed at 880,306,937 pesetas, of which sum 

 9,800,000 pesetas are for the civil list, 1,918,- 

 785 for legislative expenses, 274,060,361 for 

 the public debt, 2,634,767 for the judiciary, 

 49,097,461 for indemnities and pensions, 1,101,- 

 709 for the presidency of the Council of Minis- 

 ters, 3,677,174 for Foreign Affairs, 55,516,588 

 for Grace and Justice, 131,372,045 for War, 37,- 

 332,690 for the Navy, 46,301,047 for the Inte- 

 rior, 105,695,407 for Public Works, 20,056,903 

 for Finance, and 141,742,080 for collection. 



The Philippines. The budget for 1884-'85 

 makes the total receipts 11,298,506 pesos fu- 

 ertes, and the expenditures 11,341,054. The 

 exports of sugar constitute 48 per cent, of the 

 total value of exports. Other articles are Ma- 

 nila hemp, raw and worked, coffee, tobacco, 

 cigars, dye-wood, etc. The tonnage entered 

 in 1881 was 627,272 tons. The length of tele- 

 graph lines was 1,149 kilometres in 1880. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports 

 in 1882 was 815,459,033 pesetas, or francs, 

 against 650,569,490 in 1881, 473,533,616 in 

 1880, and 605,103,000 in 1879 ; the total value 

 of the exports in 1882, 765,354,817, against 670,- 

 889,032 in 1881, 544,336,580 in 1880, and 528,- 

 043,000 in 1879. The imports from France in 

 1882 amounted to 220,800,000 pesetas, from 

 Great Britain to 170,800,000, the United States 

 91,500,000, Germany 82,700,000, Belgium 32,- 

 300,000, Sweden and Norway 24,400,000, Rus- 

 sia 21,400,000, Cuba 23,300,000, Italy 18,400,- 

 000. The exports to France amounted to 

 309,700,000 pesetas, to Great Britain 235,100,- 

 000, to Cuba 67,700,000, to the United States 

 27,900,000, to Portugal 19,400,000, to the Ar- 

 gentine Republic 15,700,000. The imports of 

 cereals in 1882 amounted to 101,100,000 pese- 

 tas, exports 15,500,000; exports of wines and 

 liquors 335,300,000, imports 46,600,000; im- 

 ports of groceries 46,200,000, exports 10,800,- 

 000; imports of tobacco 26,100,000; exports 

 of fruits and vegetables 76,200,000; imports 

 of animals and animal food- products 27,700,- 

 000, exports 12,000,000; total imports of arti- 

 cles of food and consumption 247,700,000 pese- 

 tas, total exports 449,800,000. The imports of 

 coal amounted to 23,200,000 pesetas ; the ex- 

 ports of minerals to 108,300,000; the exports 

 of raw metals to 58,000,000 ; the imports of 



