URUGUAY. 



789 



the title of a huge corporation, which includes 

 in its pool every important tack-factory in the 

 United States, and regulates absolutely the 

 prices of tacks. The best of flax threads are 

 required for upholstery, and extensive works 

 are successfully conducted at Paterson, N. J., 

 New York city, and Schaghticoke, N. Y. Each 

 of these makes threads and flax yarns of all de- 

 scriptions for upholstery. 



Upholstery Hardware. American shade-fix- 

 tares find a destination in every civilized coun- 

 try. In metal upholstery decorations decided 

 progress is apparent. Large factories in New 

 York, New Jersey, and Connecticut turn out 

 all classes of drapery and cabinet hardware. 

 In stair-rods of brass, silver, and wood, Amer- 

 ican goods are in the highest repute. 



Sammary. Except in plushes we do not, as 

 yet, make upholstery textiles the finish and 

 richness of which would commend them for 

 very high-class decorations. But in coverings 

 and in silk draperies of moderate cost, in silk 

 chenille and light-weight silk curtains, and in 

 the items of silk and mohair plushes, real and 

 imitation hair-cloths, upholstery hardware, and 

 metal decorations, upholstery twines, threads, 

 and tacks, the most gratifying progress has 

 been made, and the yield in all of these essen- 

 tials is abundant and of excellent quality. 

 The seat of the industry is Philadelphia, where 

 the number of plants far exceeds the entire ag- 

 gregate of those elsewhere. The class of goods 

 made at the several respective points are as 

 follows: Philadelphia, tapestries, curtains, mo- 

 hair and silk plushes, real and imitation hair- 

 cloth; Paterson, N. J., worsted plushes; New 

 York city and Brooklyn, tapestries and cur- 

 tains; Seymour, Conn., mohair plushes ; Wood- 

 bury, Conn., tapestries ; Tariffville, Conn., silk 

 tapestries and damasks ; South Manchester, 

 Conn., silk plushes; Sandford, Me., mohair 

 plushes ; Providence, R. I., mohair plushes, 

 bindings, and picture-cords. 



Tariff. The customs duties on upholstery 

 cloths and sundries are moderately protective, 

 and were reduced somewhat by the Tariff Com- 

 mission of 1882-'83. The imports of foreign 

 tapestries, plushes, brocades, damasks, and 

 velours, while heavy, are being considerably 

 diminished by the rapid increase of factories. 

 (See HAIR-CLOTH, page 387.) 



URUGUAY, a republic in South America. Area, 

 69,835 square miles; population in 1880, 438,- 

 245 ; in 1882, 505,207. The republic is divided 

 into thirteen departments : Montevideo, Ca- 

 nelones, La Colonia, Soriano, San Jose, Mal- 

 donado, La Florida, Paysandu, Salto, Cerro- 

 Largo, Minas, Durazno, and Tacuaremb6. Of 

 the 438,245 inhabitants, according to the cen- 

 sus of 1880, 298,023 were Indians and 140,222 

 foreigners. Of the latter, 39,780 were Span- 

 iards, 36,303 Italians, 20,178 Brazilians, 15,546 

 Argentines, 14,375 Frenchmen, 2,772 English- 

 men, 2,125 Germans, and 9,143 of other na- 

 tionalities. Montevideo, capital of the country, 

 had in 1879 a population of 73,353. 



Immigration. The number of persons arriv- 

 ing and departing during 1879-'82 was: 



Irish Settlement. The Irish informers made 

 a settlement in Uruguay in 1884, close to the 

 Swiss colony on the Rio Negro. The Brit- 

 ish Government made arrangements with a 

 " ranchero " on the Rio Negro to provide them 

 work. At home they were all members of the 

 Invincible Society. 



Government. The President is Gen. Maximo 

 Santos, who was elected for four years on the 

 resignation of Dr. Vidal, and whose term of 

 office will expire on March 1, 1886. The Cabi- 

 net is composed of the following ministers: 

 Foreign Affairs, Dr. Manuel Herrera y Obes; 

 Finance, Dr. J. L. Terra; Interior, Dr. Carlos 

 de Castro; and War and Navy, Gen. Tajes. 

 The Minister Resident of the United States, 

 accredited July 3, 1882, is Hon. W. Williams, 

 and the American Consul at Montevideo is 

 A. L. Russell. The Uruguayan Consul-General 

 at New York is Mr. H. Estrazulas. 



Army. The standing army comprises three 

 battalions of sharpshooters, five regiments of 

 horse, and two regiments of artillery, together 

 3,260 men and 234 officers. There is, besides, 

 a police force of 3,200 men, and a National 

 Guard of 20,000 men. 



Finances. The public debt on Jan. 1, 1888, 

 was as follows : 



Outstanding, redeemable without interest $16,970,1 6T 



Consolidated debt, originally bearing 12 per cent, 

 interest, but converted into bonds paying 5 per 

 cent, the first three years, and 6 per cent, the 



following seven years 17,148,281 



Two and three per cent, bonds having ten years 

 to run 27,465,756 



Total $41,579,204 



A bill was passed on May 12, 1883, unifying 

 the internal and external debts, and by virtue 

 of this law a 5 per cent, loan to the amount of 

 $52,296,900 was contracted with London bank- 

 ers, interest dating from Jan. 1, 1884. Toward 

 the extinguishment of this debt a sinking fund 

 was simultaneously created, which provides for 

 the setting aside of one half of 1 per cent, an- 

 nually for that purpose. 



The revenue for the year 1879 was $8,252,- 

 087. The expenditures were $8,252,087. In 

 1881 the revenue was $7,890,000, and the ex- 

 penditure $7,857,275. For 1882 the budget 

 estimate of outlay was $8,300,000. 



In December, 1884, the duties collected at 

 Montevideo amounted to $541,943. 



On December 31 the Credit Bureau paid 

 the French legation $50,000, the second in- 

 stallment of the sinking fund, to extinguish the 

 French debt ; and on Jan. 5, 1885, the twenty- 



