20 



ANGLICAN CHURCHES. 



1%75 on the expedition, for punishing the Tur- 

 koman*. His brilliant career was then inter- 

 rupted by a punishment as characteristic of 

 the KtiN-'ian military system as his rapid pro- 

 moti.n. For a duel with a fellow-officer he 

 was M-ntenrcd to he degraded to the ranks and 

 deprived of his orders. In the Turkish war he 

 served IUH a non-commissioned officer of dra- 

 gons in the Erivan detachment, and strove 

 valiantly to retrieve his fallen fortunes, with 

 siu-h success that he gained the cross of St. 

 George, and by the repeated intercession of 

 Generals Terhukassoff and Lazareff was made 

 a sub-lieutenant. He took part in the first Tekke 

 expedition of 1879. After SkobelefFs capture 

 of Geok Tepe, he visited Merv in the disguise of 

 clerk and interpreter to the Moscow merchant 

 Kanshin. His remarkable knowledge of Ori- 

 ental character enabled him to enter into rela- 

 tions with the Merv elders, and even with the 

 heroic leader of the defenders of Geok Tepe, 

 and eventually to secure the adherence of the 

 most influential men in the tribe, and prepare 

 the way for the Russian occupation of Merv 

 almost "without a shot. For this master-stroke 

 of diplomacy the rank of major was restored 

 to him, and when this grade was abolished in 

 the Russian army he was made a lieutenant- 

 colonel. He is a graphic writer, and possesses 

 a trained talent for artistic sketching, and many 

 drawings and stirring descriptions of his mili- 

 tary adventures have appeared in Russian news- 

 papers and illustrated journals. 



AXGLICAX (fUHdlES. The Anglican Church 

 has in England and Wales (including the two 

 archbishops and several suffragans) 38 bishops, 

 14,172 benefices, 21,000 clergy, 6,500 curates, 

 and 6,000,000 church-sittings. Including the 

 Protestant Episcopal Church in the United 

 States, which is affiliated with it, though inde- 

 pendent, and the Colonial Churches, the An- 

 etiran system is represented by a total of 228 

 hilltops and 29,500 clergy. 



(VMaUM. The Convocation of Canter- 

 bury met, for the dispatch of business, Feb. 

 10. In the upper house, a resolution was 

 MMed in reference to the death of Bishop 

 Jackson, of London, who was described as the 

 senior member of the house, "both in rank 

 (next to the president) and in tenure of office, 

 for thirty-one years its truest and most loyal 

 OOOtalor in all questions, social, ecclesiastical, 

 and spiritual." Action was also taken in view 

 of the retirement from active work of Bishop 

 Wordsworth, of Lincoln, in which the house 

 expressed its desire "to record its sense of the 

 important services which, during a long life, 

 he has rendered to literature, to theology, to 

 : - hnroh, and to the world; and its deep 

 respect for his learning, wisdom, and piety." 

 archbishop made a statement explaining 

 measures which had been adopted to avoid the 

 inconveniences which frequently arose in case 



I marnajres between French and English par- 

 ttu, when, by failnre to comply with some 

 pecification of the trench law, the marriage 



was regarded as void in France. A form of cer- 

 tificate had been supplied to all the French con- 

 Milar agents in the United Kingdom m which 

 all the details of the requisitions of the French 

 law were distinctly stated, the possession of 

 which, duly signed, would be evidence that 

 they had been complied with. On the presen- 

 tation from the lower house of its report ( 0n 

 the reform of Convocation, urging application 

 for the royal license to enact and promulgate 

 canons to secure a fuller representation of the 

 clergy of the province in that body, the Bishop 

 of Gloucester and Bristol made a statement of 

 the condition of this question. It had been 

 before Convocation for thirty-two years, and 

 had been debated on several occasions by their 

 lordships upon petitions from the lower house ; 

 subsequently, the subject had been referred to 

 ecclesiastical lawyers, whose opinion was that 

 the constitution of Convocation could not be 

 changed except by the full authority of Parlia- 

 ment. The lower house had not accepted 

 these decisions, but had applied to his Grace 

 the President of the upper house to petition 

 the Crown for the specific license to enact can- 

 ons which, if enacted, would, it was thought, 

 have the effect of enlarging the number of rep- 

 resentatives and of electors. The desire of the 

 lower house, after some years had passed, was 

 set out in a case for the opinion of Sir John 

 Karslake, Sir Richard Baggally, and Sir Trav- 

 ers Twiss, but the result was not laid before 

 the Convocation, in consequence of a disso- 

 lution. The opinions of the several vicars- 

 general were, however, known, and these were 

 that there had been no change in the constitu- 

 tion of Convocation from the time of Edward 

 I ; that the assumption that the words totus 

 derm included all persons in holy orders had 

 no authority ; and that his Grace the President 

 of their lordships' house could not change the 

 law, or alter the qualification of voters for 

 proctors, and so allow the clergy in priests' 

 orders, other than incumbents in the Province 

 of Canterbury, to vote for proctors in the low- 

 er house of Convocation. Afterward a state- 

 ment by the Lord Chancellor was presented to 

 the house, that Convocation could not, by any 

 precedent, proceed to enact any canon with- 

 out the royal sanction being first obtained, and 

 that such canon or canons could not infringe 

 upon the constitutional right of Parliament to 

 alter the constitution of Convocation. A com* 

 mittee of the whole house was appointed to 

 consider the subject of the reservation of the 

 Holy Communion for the purpose of adminis- 

 tration to the sick, who made a report, sus- 

 tained by citations from the rubrics, declar- 

 ing that practice "contrary to the nice and 

 carefully revised order of the Church of Eng- 

 land as expressed in the Book of Common 

 Prayer," and that " no reservation of the sac- , 

 rament for any purpose is consistent with the 

 rule of the Church of England." The report 

 was unanimously adopted. A report was pre- 

 sented by the joint committee of both houses 



