AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



67 



troops were removed, and when the colony 

 began to manage native affairs without inter- 

 ference. They declared that no infraction of 

 the treaty of Waitangi had taken place with- 

 in that period. The request that the natives 

 should have a separate legislative body of their 

 own in the North Island they pronounced un- 

 reasonable and absurd, since the Maoris were 

 represented by able chiefs in both branches of 

 the Colonial Legislature, and there were no 

 local native affairs that could not be dealt 

 with by their committees. A proposition made 

 by the Aborigines' Protection Society, that the 

 powers of the native land courts should be 

 transferred to an elective body of natives, was 

 declared by the governor to be impracticable 

 and undesirable. 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, a dual monarchy in Cen- 

 tral Europe. Austria and Hungary have each 

 its own Constitution and laws, parliament, min- 

 isters, and government. They are united in 

 the person of the sovereign and in having a 

 common army, navy, and diplomacy. Com- 

 mon affairs, which are limited to matters ap- 

 pertainjng to foreign relations and war, are 

 legislated upon by a parliamentary body called 

 the Delegations. The Delegations consist of 

 60 members chosen from the Austrian Reichs- 

 rath and 60 from the Hungarian Parliament, 

 20 from each upper and 40 from each lower 

 house. They deliberate in separate halls, but 

 if their decisions are different they meet sim- 

 ply to take a joint vote. 



The Emperor of Austria and King of Hun- 

 gary is Franz Josef I, born Aug. 18, 1830, 

 successor to his uncle, Ferdinand I, and pro- 

 claimed Emperor upon the abdication of the 

 latter, Dec. 2, 1848 ; crowned King of Hungary 

 after the restoration of the Hungarian Consti- 

 tution, June 8, 1867. The heir-apparent is the 

 Archduke Rudolf, born in 1858, only son of 

 the Emperor. 



The Minister of Foreign Affairs and of the 

 Imperial House for the whole Empire is Count 

 G. Kalnoky de Korospatak, appointed Nov. 

 21, 1881; the Minister of War, Lieut. Field- 

 Marshal Count Bylandt-Rheydt, appointed June 

 21, 1876; the Minister of Finance, Baron von 

 Kallay, appointed June 4, 1882. 



Area and Population. The Austrian Empire 

 has an area of 240,942 square miles and a popu- 

 lation of 37,883,226, as returned in the census 

 of Dec. 31, 1880. The area of Austria proper 

 is 115,903 square miles, that of the Hungarian 

 monarchy 125,039. The population of Austria 

 in 1880 was 22,144,244, against 20,374,974 in 

 1869; that of Hungary, 15,642,102, against 

 15,509,415. In Austria there were 10.819,737 

 males and 11,324,507 females; in Hungary 

 7,702,810 males and 7,939,192 females. The 

 independent principality of Liechtenstein, in 

 Tyrol, has an area of 68 square miles and a 

 population of 9,124 souls. The official estimate 

 of the population of Austria on Dec. 31, 1884, 

 makes the total 22,864,106, of whom 11,170,468 

 were males and 11,693,638 females. The num- 



ber of men serving in the army and navy was 

 162,423. 



The Turkish provinces of Bosnia and Herze- 

 govina and the Sanjak of Novi-Bazar, occupied 

 and administered by Austria-Hungary since 

 1878, have a total extent of 24,247 square miles, 

 and contained in 1879 1,326,453 inhabitants. 

 The population of the occupied provinces in- 

 cluded 448,613 Mohammedans, 496,761 Greek- 

 Orthodox, 209,391 Roman Catholics, and 3,439 

 Jews. Within two years a large portion of the 

 Mohammedan population has emigrated. 



The population of Austria was divided in 

 respect to nationality, according to the lan- 

 guage returns, as follows: German, 8,008,864; 

 Bohemian, Moravian, and Slovak, 5,180,908; 

 Polish, 3,238,534; Ruthenian, 2,792,677; Slo- 

 vene, 1,140,304; Servian and Croatian, 563,- 

 615; Latin, 668,653; Roumanian, 190,799; 

 Magyar, 9,887. The returns of languages 

 spoken in Hungary show the following ethni- 

 cal division: Magyar, 6,206,872; Roumanian, 

 2,325,838; Servian and Croatian, 2,325,747; 

 German, 1,882,371 ; Bohemian, Moravian, and 

 Slovak, 1,799,563 ; Ruthenian, 345,187; Wen- 

 die, 83,150; Gypsies, 79,393 ; Armenian, 3,523; 

 other native tongues, 33,668; foreign tongues, 

 56,892 ; infants, 499,898. 



The following percentages of the population 

 followed the various creeds in 1880 : 



In 1880, 32-59 per cent, of the males and 

 36-08 per cent, of the females of school age 

 and over in Austria could not read nor write ; 

 in Hungary, 44 per cent, of the men and 53'5 

 per cent, of the women. 



The number of marriages in Austria in 1883 

 was 176,016; of births, 882,654; of deaths, 

 701,199; excess of births, 181,455; the num- 

 ber of marriages in Hungary in 1882 was 163,- 

 839; of births, 708,011; of deaths, 571,814; 

 excess of births over deaths, 136,157. Of the 

 total number of births in Austria, 14'5 per 

 cent, were illegitimate, and in Hungary, 8*3 

 per cent. The emigration from Austria in 1880 

 was 10,145 ; from Hungary, 11,000. 



The population of the largest cities in 1880 

 was as follows: Vienna, including suburbs, 

 1,103,857; Buda-Pesth, 360,551 ; Prague, 162,- 

 323; Trieste, 144,844; Lemberg, 109.726; 

 Gratz, 97,791 ; Brunn, 82,660 ; SzegedinJ 73,- 

 675 ; Cracow. 66,095. 



Of the total population of Austria, 2,275,117 

 were returned as engaged in agriculture on 

 their own lands, 90,036 on rented land, and 

 3,739,421 as farm-laborers; 1,305 as mine- 

 owners and 116,565 as mining operatives; 

 575,811 as manufacturers and 1,541,287 as 



