100 



BRAZIL. 



that Bolivia's industries and trade are much 

 more important than most people not familiar 

 with the subject suspect. 



The Bolivian Cotton-Tree. A new alimentary 

 substance, the seeds of the Bolivian cotton-tree, 

 has attracted the attention of the Paris Acade- 

 my of Sciences. It is rich in nitrogenized sub- 

 stances, and contains 23 per cent, of fibrin and 

 6 of casein. It is thought that flour from the 

 seed will be suitable for pastry and confection- 

 ery. It is likely to be used in sugar-making 

 as a substitute for carbonic acid. 



The Gran Chaco Expedition. Early in June, 

 1885, an expedition, consisting of three steam- 

 ers and several sailing-vessels, ascended Para- 

 guay river. The expedition was fitted out in 

 grand style, having on board a complete staff 

 of engineers and telegraphers, under the com- 

 mand of Don Miguel Suarez Arana, for the 

 purpose of selecting a suitable spot on the 

 banks of the river, between the 20th and 21st 

 parallels of south latitude, and there founding 

 a city, to be called Pacheco, and constructing 

 a highway westward through the Indian terri- 

 tory to the Bolivian city of Sucre. Don Mi'- 

 guel Suarez Arana has been silently prepar- 

 ing this enterprise for ten years. Since 1875 

 the Bolivian Government has been in hopes 

 that a similar expedition would be attempted in 

 response to the liberal concessions which Con- 

 gress then and in 1878 voted to those who should 

 undertake and carry it out. Being anxious to 

 turn the valuable trade of, Bolivia toward the 

 Atlantic,' the Argentine Government has ena- 

 bled Don Miguel Suarez Arana to bring his 

 long-nourished scheme to a solution. The ex- 

 pedition was expected to occupy at least one 

 year. 



BRAZIL. (For details relating to area, terri- 

 torial divisions, population, etc., see the " An- 

 nual Cyclopasdia " for 1884.) 



Government The Emperor is Dom Pedro II, 

 born Dec. 2, 1825 ; proclaimed April 7, 1831 ; 

 regency until July 23, 1840 ; crowned July 18, 

 1841; married, Sept. 4, 1843, Theresa Chris- 

 tina Maria, daughter of the late King Francis 

 I of the Two Sicilies. 



The new Cabinet was formed on Aug. 20, 

 after the resignation of the Saraiva Cabinet' 

 which had held office since May 7, and suc- 

 ceeded the one of Senator M. P. de Souza 

 Dantas. It was composed of the following 

 ministers : President of the Council and Min- 

 ister of Foreign Affairs, Senator Baron de 

 Cotegipe ; Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, 

 and Public Works, Representative Antonio 

 da Silva Prado ; Minister of Finance, Repre- 

 sentative Francisco Belizario Soares de Souza; 

 Minister of the Interior, Senator Baron de 

 Mamore' ; Minister of Justice, Senator Joaquin 

 Delphino Ribeiro da Luz; Minister of War, 

 Senator Joao Jose" de Oliveira Junqueira ; and 

 Minister of the Navy, Representative Alfredo 

 Rodrigues Fernandes Chaves. 



The Council of State comprised, besides the 

 Princess Imperial, Donna Yzabel, and Prince 



Gaston of Orleans, Count d'Eu, the following 

 members extraordinary (limited to twelve) : 

 Senators Viscount de Muritiba, Viscount de 

 Bom Retire, Admiral Lamare, J. J. Teixeira, 

 M. P. de Souza Dantas, Viscount de Parna- 

 gua, J. L. V. Cansansao de Sinimbri ; Deputies 

 Martin Francisco, Ribeiro de Andrade, P. J. 

 Soarez de Souza, J. C. de Andrade Pinto ; and 

 Senators Affonso Celso de A. Figueiredo, J. B. 

 da Cunha e Figueiredo, Lafayette Rodrigues 

 Pereira, and L. A. Vieira da Silva. 



The Brazilian Minister at Washington is 

 Baron de Itajuba, late Minister Resident in 

 Madrid. The Consul -General of Brazil at New 

 York is Dr. Salvador Mendonca. The United 

 States Minister to Brazil is Hon. T. A. Osborn. 

 The United States Consul -General at Rio de 

 Janeiro is Mr. C. C. Andrews. 



Finances. On March 3, 1885, the national 

 indebtedness stood as follows : 



Milreis. 



Loan of 1363 22,483,500 



Loan of 18T9 48,777,500 



Foreign debt 168,732,444 



Funded home debt 888,119,900 



Debt anterior to 1827 142,046 



Borrowed out of the orphan fund 15,881 ,808 



Due private loaners 700,000 



Due to dead or absent parties 2,222,898 



Emancipation fund 2,785,355 



Savings-bank deposits 18,478,818 



Deposited in the Ilio pawnbrokers' establishments 790,987 



Sundry deposits 11,161,108 



Public funds 1,422,904 



Treasury notes 50,075,500 



Treasury notes (law No. 8,229 of 1884) 10,752,000 



Paper money 187,848,725 



Total 



The balance-sheet was as follows : 



Cnstom-Honse. The following is a table of 

 duties collected at Rio de Janeiro : 



The duties that were collected at the other 

 ports of entry are shown in the table at the 

 top of the next page. 



