CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. 



137 



ern and western frontiers, and the British 

 Government to appoint commissioners in the 

 native territories outside, to prevent trespass- 

 ing. Neither party gave practical effect to this 

 article of the convention, nor did the British 

 authorities prevent English subjects from join- 

 ing the Boer volunteers in their enterprises. 

 The community of Western Zululand included 

 a considerable proportion of Natalians. The 

 new republic claimed, in virtue of the treaty 

 that Dinizulu repudiated, a protectorate over 

 Zululand, and betrayed the intention of absorb- 

 ing other districts of the remnant of Zululand 

 that the Zulus declared was too small to pro- 

 vide food for the people. A line of farms along 

 the edge of the reserve was marked off with 

 beacons, and sites were chosen for towns and 

 seaports, by the Boers. 



St. Lueia Bay. Since the visit of Transvaal 

 delegates to Europe in 1884, Germans have 

 entertained the idea of a commercial and po- 

 litical connection with the South African Re- 

 public. German capital was subscribed for a 

 railroad to Delagoa Bay, but the concession 

 from the Transvaal frontier to the port, the 

 Portuguese section, was in English hands. 

 The neglect of the English Government to 

 put an end to the disorders in Zululand and 

 Pondoland suggested the scheme of establish- 

 ing a German port on the coast. The German 

 Government, provoked by English action at 

 ihe Oameroons and in the Pacific, was not 

 averse to applying here its colonial doctrine 

 3hat not proximity nor historical claims, but 

 effective jurisdiction, confers territorial rights. 

 Dinizulu had as adviser a German named Ein- 

 walcl, who held out to him the hope that Ger- 

 many would extend the protection denied by 

 Great Britain, and save his people and their re- 

 maining lands from the rapacity of the Boers. 

 With this expectation, Dinizulu conveyed to 

 Einwald, acting as agent for the Bremen mer- 

 chant Ltideritz, whose acquisitions in Nama- 

 qualand and Damaraland afforded the ground 

 for declaring German sovereignty on the south- 

 west coast of Africa, the port of St. Lucia Bay, 

 with 100,000 acres of land. The German squad- 

 ron on the east coast was under way to hoist 

 the German flag, when Sir Henry Bulwer sent 

 the English ship Goshawk to forestall the Ger- 

 mans, and in December, 1884, Commander 

 Moore raised the British colors over the port. 

 The German Government protested. The Eng- 

 lish Government justified its action by a prior 

 right, based upon the cession of the port to 

 Great Britain by King Panda, forty years be- 

 fore. After the interchange of several notes, 

 the German Government concluded to rec- 

 ognize the validity of the English occupation, 

 but not without receiving important conces- 

 sions in other quarters. The citizens of West- 

 ern Zululand also raised a protest against the 

 assumption of British sovereignty of any part 

 of the kingdom of Dinizulu, all of which, ac- 

 cording to a proclamation of the acting state 

 President, Lucas Meyer, is subject to the au- 



thority of the republic. In the summer of 

 1885 a representative of the republic of West- 

 ern Zululand visited England to confer with 

 the authorities with reference to the recog- 

 nition of the new state, and, more particular- 

 ly, of the land-titles. A considerable number 

 of the settlers were British subjects, who were 

 predisposed in favor of the annexation of the 

 district to Natal. In July the Natal Legis- 

 lative Council passed resolutions in favor of 

 the extension of the imperial jurisdiction over 

 the whole of Zululand and Amatongaland up 

 to the Portuguese frontier, with the view of 

 uniting the territory to Natal " as soon as ex- 

 isting difficulties shall have been adjusted." 

 The discovery of gold in northeastern Trans- 

 vaal may be the cause of British expansion in 

 these quarters. The population in the new 

 gold-fields is increasing, and gold is sent down 

 the country in larger amounts each month. If 

 the promise of the mines holds out, the influx ot 

 American and English miners will probably re- 

 sult in the separation of the district from the 

 South African Republic, and its eventual an- 

 nexation by Great Britain. 



The Zulus were reduced to severe extremi- 

 ties by their internal strife and demoralization, 

 the loss of their best lands, and a short crop in 

 1884, which compelled them to buy imported 

 food, when in 1885 they suffered a harder fam- 

 ine, and entered Natal in considerable numbers 

 in quest of work and food. 



The Southwest Coast of Africa. After prevent- 

 ing Germany from obtaining a footing in dan- 

 gerous proximity to the two Dutch republics 

 on the southeastern coast, and thrusting the 

 protectorate of Bechuanaland between the 

 Transvaal and the German possessions on the 

 Atlantic coast, the English Government was 

 less anxious about the development of German 

 colonial interests on the southwest coast, and 

 even contemplated the cession to Germany ot 

 the new English colony of Walfish Bay. The 

 Cape Colonists were not of the same mind, for 

 in August the Cape House of Assembly passed 

 a bill to admit free of duty all goods landed at 

 Walfish Bay, the object being to prevent the 

 trade of the region from passing entirely into 

 the hands of the Germans, whose colonies sur- 

 round that port. 



Notwithstanding the diplomatic triumph of 

 Prince Bismarck in the Angra-Paquefia con- 

 troversy, the claims of Herr Luderitz to the 

 more valuable part of his purchase the min- 

 ing-lands in the Herero country rested on so 

 insecure a title that the English might have 

 restricted German colonization to the barren 

 and waterless sands of the beach. Such a re- 

 sult was actually accomplished by the Cape 

 Government, with whose commissioner, Mr. 

 Palgrave, Maharero, the rightful lord of the 

 territory behind Sandwich Harbor and Wal- 

 fish Bay, concluded a treaty, acknowledging a 

 British protectorate, in November, 1884, after 

 refusing two months before to treat with a 

 German agent who came on the same errand. 



