GERMANY. 



411 



endowed colored institution, Atlanta Univer- 

 sity." 



In Georgia colored people own 600,000 acres 

 of land, and pay taxes on about $10,000,000 of 

 property. In the whole of the South their 

 taxable property is put down at about $100,- 

 000,000. In Georgia taxes paid by the colored 

 race are almost as much as the sum devoted to 

 the colored schools of that State. 



GERMANY, an empire in Europe, formed by 

 the union of the German states, consummated 

 on May 4, 1871, when the Constitution of the 

 German Empire replaced the articles of con- 

 federation between the North German states 

 and the treaties by which the Grand Duchies 

 of Baden and Hesse and the Kingdoms of Ba- 

 varia and Wurtemberg entered the League dur- 

 ing the Franco-Prussian War. King Wilhelm 

 I of Prussia was proclaimed German Emperor 

 from Versailles on the 18th of January, 1871. 

 He was born March 22, 1797, and ascended the 

 Prussian throne on the death of his brother, 

 Jan. 2, 1861. The heir-apparent is Prince Fried- 

 rich Wilhelm, who was born Oct. 18, 1831. 



The sovereign powers of the confederation 

 of states forming the empire are vested in the 

 Prussian crown and the Federal Council, but 

 the concurrence of the Eeichstag is necessary 

 to the exercise of certain functions. The popu- 

 lar assembly possesses, also, certain rights of 

 control over the acts of the Government. The 

 Bundesrath contained 62 members, of whom 

 17 are representatives of Prussia, 6 of Bavaria, 

 4 each of Saxony and Wurtemberg, 3 each of 

 Baden and Hesse, 2 each of Schwerin and 

 Brunswick, and 1 each of the other states and 

 free cities, while the Eeichsland Alsace-Lor- 

 raine sends 4 commissioners. The members of 

 the Reichstag, 397 in number, are elected by 

 universal suffrage and by ballot, for the term 

 of three years. The Bundesrath is presided 

 over by the Chancellor of the Empire, who, as 

 representative of the Bundesrath, has a fight to 

 interpose in the deliberations of the Reichstag. 

 All imperial laws must receive the votes of a 

 majority in each house, and the assent of the 

 Emperor, countersigned by the Chancellor. 



The Chancellor of the Empire, Prince Otto 

 von Bismarck, fills the posts of President of the 

 Council of Ministers, President of the Federal 

 Council, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Prus- 

 sian Minister of Commerce. In the office of 

 Foreign Affairs his chief subordinate is Count 

 von Hatzfeldt, Secretary of State. The Secre- 

 tary of State for the Interior is Minister von 

 Botticher. The Chief of the Admiralty is Gen. 

 von Capri vi, appointed March 8, 1883. The 

 Secretary of State for Justice is Dr. von Schel- 

 ling; Financial Secretary of State, Herr von 

 Burchard ; Chief of the Post-Office, Dr. Ste- 

 phan ; Minister of Railroads and Prussian Min- 

 ister of Public Works, Dr. Maybach. 



The Prussian ministry is composed as fol- 

 lows: President, Prince Bismarck, Minister of 

 Foreign Affairs and of Commerce ; Vice-Presi- 

 dent, Herr von Puttkamer, Minister of the In- 



terior; Agriculture and Domains and Forests, 

 Dr. Lucius ; Justice, Dr. Friedberg ; Ecclesias- 

 tical Affairs, Von Gossler ; Finance, Herr von 

 Scholtz; War, Lieut-Gen. Broiisart von Schel- 

 lendorf ; without a portfolio, Count von Hatz- 

 feldt- Wildenburg. 



Area and Population. The area of the empire 

 is 212,028 square miles. The population on 

 Dec. 1, 1880, was 45,234,061, comprising 22,- 

 185,433 males and 23,048,628 females. The 

 density of population varies from 438 per 

 square mile in Saxony, to 100 in Mecklenburg- 

 Strelitz, the average being 213. The inhabit- 

 ants of cities and towns of a population ex- 

 ceeding 2,000 constitute 41 '4 percent, of the 

 total population, 7'24 per cent, living in the 14 

 largest towns, 8'90 per cent, in the 102 towns 

 of medium size, 12-54 per cent, in 641 small 

 towns, and 12'71 in 1,950 country towns. 



About 7 per cent, of the total population 

 belong to non- German races, consisting of 

 2,454,000 Poles in the Prussian provinces of 

 Posen, Silesia, and East and West Prussia, 

 280,000 Walloons and French, 150,000 Lithu- 

 anians, 140,000 Danes, and about as many 

 Wends, Moravians, and Bohemians. The total 

 population in 1880 was divided in respect to 

 religion into 28,331,152 Protestants, 16,232,651 

 Roman Catholics, 78,031 of other Christian 

 sects, 561,612 Jews, and 30,615 of no re- 

 ligion. 



The number of marriages in 1882 was 350,- 

 457, against 338,909 in 1881 ; of births, 1,769,- 

 501, against 1,748,686; of deaths, 1,244,006, 

 against 1,222,928 ; the surplus of births over 

 deaths, 525,495, against 525,758. Of the births, 

 9 '2 9 per cent, were illegitimate. 



The number of emigrants in 1883 was 166,- 

 119, of whom 159,894 went to the United 

 States; in 1882, 193,869, of whom 189,373 

 were destined for the United States; in 1881, 

 210,547, the United States receiving 206,189. 

 The emigration by way of Havre, not included 

 above, was 9,590 in 1882, and 10,251 in 1881. 

 The emigrants in 1883 comprised 93,800 of the 

 male and 73,319 of the female sex, and in- 

 cluded 26,452 families containing 98,749 per- 

 sons. The number of foreigners living in Ger- 

 many in 1880 was 275,856, of whom 10,326 

 were Americans. 



The population of Prussia, which has an ex- 

 tent of 137,066 square miles, was 27,279,111 

 in 1880; that of Bavaria, with an area of 29,- 

 292 square miles, 5,284,778 ; that of Wurtem- 

 berg, 7,675 square miles in extent, 1,971,118; 

 that of Saxony, area 6,777 square miles, 2,972,- 

 805 ; that of Baden, area 5,851 square miles, 

 1,570,254 ; that of Alsace-Lorraine, area 5,580 

 square miles, 1,566,670. 



The cities containing more than 100,000 in- 

 habitants are the following : Berlin, 1,122,360 ; 

 Hamburg, 289,859, with suburbs 410,127; 

 Breslau, 272,912 ; Munich, 230,023 ; Dresden, 

 222,241 (1882); Leipsic, 154,345 (1882); Co- 

 logne, 144,772 ; Konigsberg, 140,909 ; Magde- 

 burg, 137,135; Frankfort-on-the-Main, 136,- 



