426 



GRANT, ULYSSES S. (His MILITARY CABEEB.) 



defend his position against Johnston's army 

 threaten lag him in the rear. The operations 

 were pressed day and night; there was mining 

 and countermining ; and the lines were pushed 

 closer and closer, until the garrison abandoned 

 all hope. On July 3 Pemberton asked for an 

 armistice, and proposed the appointment of 

 , commissioners to arrange terms of capitula- 

 tion. Grant replied that there would be no 

 terms but unconditional surrender. The sur- 

 render was made on the 4th of July. Grant 

 permitted the officers and men to be paroled, 

 the officers to retain their private baggage and 

 side-arms, and each mounted officer one horse. 

 Grant showed every consideration to the van- 

 quished, supplied them with full rations, and, 

 when they marched out, issued an order say- 

 ing, "Instruct the commands to be orderly 

 and quiet as these prisoners pass, and to make 

 no offensive remarks." The surrender included 

 31,600 prisoners, 172 cannon, 60,000 muskets, 

 and a large amount of ammunition. Grant's 

 total loss in the Vicksburg campaign was 8,873 ; 

 that of the enemy nearly 60,000. Port Hud- 

 son now surrendered to Banks, and the Missis- 

 sippi was opened from its source to its mouth. 

 Grant was made a major-general in the regu- 

 lar array, and Congress, when it assembled, 

 passed a resolution ordering a gold medal to 

 be presented to him, and returning thanks to 

 him and his army. 



He soon recommended a movement against 

 Mobile, but it was not approved. He went to 

 New Orleans Aug. 30, to confer with Banks, 

 and while there was severely injured by a fall 

 of his horse. For nearly three months he was 

 unable to walk unaided, but on the 16th of 

 September started for Vicksburg, being car- 

 ried aboard the steamboat. He received orders 

 from Washington on the 27th to send all avail- 

 able forces to the vicinity of Chattanooga, to 

 co-operate with Rosecrans. While personally 

 superintending the carrying out of this order, 

 he received instructions, Oct. 10, to report at 

 Cairo. He arrived there on the 16th, and was 

 directed to proceed to Louisville. At Indian- 

 apolis he was met by Mr. Stanton, Secretary of 

 War, who accompanied him to Louisville and 

 delivered an order to him placing him in com- 

 mand of the Military Division of the Mississip- 

 pi, which was to embrace the Departments and 

 Armies of the Tennessee, the Cumberland, and 

 the Ohio. He at once proceeded to Chatta- 

 nooga, arriving on the 23d, and took command 

 there in person. 



On Oct. 28 the battle of Lookout Valley was 

 fought, and a much-needed line of communi- 

 cation for supplies was opened to the troops in 

 and around Chattanooga, besieged by Bragg's 

 army, which held a strongly fortified position. 

 Thomas commanded the Army of the Cumber- 

 land, which held Chattanooga ; Sherman, who 

 had succeeded Grant in command of the Army 

 of the Tennessee, was ordered to bring all his 

 available troops to join Thomas ; and Burnside, 

 who was in Knoxville, in command of the 



Army of the Ohio, besieged by Longstreet's 

 corps, was ordered to hold his position at all 

 hazards till Bragg should be crushed and a 

 force could be sent to the relief of Knoxville. 

 Grant, having concentrated his troops near 

 Chattanooga, made an assault upon the enemy's 

 lines on the 23d, which resulted in carrying 

 important positions. The attack was contin- 

 ued on the 24th and 25th, when the enemy's 

 entire line was captured, and his army com- 

 pletely routed and driven out of Tennessee. 

 Grant's forces consisted of 60,000 men ; those 

 of the Confederates, 45,000. The enemy's losses 

 were reported at 361 killed and 2,180 wounded, 

 but were undoubtedly greater. There were 

 captured 6,442 men, 40 pieces of artillery, and 

 7,000 stands of small-arms. Grant's losses were 

 757 killed, 4,529 wounded, and 330 missing. 

 On the 28th a force was dispatched to Knox- 

 ville, the command of the expedition being 

 given to Sherman. On the 29th Longstreet 

 assaulted Knoxville before the arrival of the 

 troops sent for its relief, but was repelled by 

 Burnside, and retreated. Grant visited Knox- 

 ville the last week in December, and went from 

 there to Nashville, where he established liis 

 headquarters, Jan. 13, 1864. 



He now ordered Sherman to march a force 

 from Vicksburg into the interior to destroy the 

 enemy's communications and supplies. It start- 

 ed on Feb. 3, went as far as Meridian, reach- 

 ing there Feb. 14, and, after destroying rail- 

 roads and great quantities of supplies, returned 

 to Vicksburg. The grade of lieutenant-general 

 was revived by act of Congress in February, 

 and Grant was nominated for that office on 

 March 1, and confirmed by the Senate on the 

 2d. He started from Nashville on the 4th, in 

 obedience to an order calling him to Washing- 

 ton, arrived there on the 8th, and received his 

 commission from the President on the 9th. He 

 was assigned to the command of all the armies 

 on the 12th (Sherman being given the com- 

 mand of the Military Division of the Mississippi 

 on the 18th), and established his headquarters 

 with the Army of the Potomac at Culpeper, 

 Va., on the 26th. 



Grant now determined to concentrate all the 

 national forces into several distinct armies, 

 which should move simultaneously against the 

 opposing Confederate armies, operate vigorous- 

 ly and continuously, and prevent them from^de- 

 taching forces to strengthen threatened points 

 or for the purpose of making raids. He an- 

 nounced that the Confederate armies would be 

 the only objective points in the coming cam- 

 paigns. Sherman was to move toward Atlanta 

 against Johnston. Banks's army, after it could 

 be withdrawn from the Red river expedition, 

 was to operate against Mobile. Sigel was to 

 move down the Valley of Virginia against 

 Breckinridge to destroy communications and 

 supplies, and prevent raids from that quarter. 

 Butler was to ascend the James river and threat- 

 en Richmond. The Army of the Potomac, re- 

 enforced by Burnside's troops and commanded 



