GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. (EMIGBATION.) 



439 



United Kingdom, in 1841 30*2 per cent., in 

 1851 23'7 per cent., 19'8 per cent, in 1861, 17'0 

 per cent, in 1871, and 14-6 per cent, in 1881. 

 The proportion that the population of Wales 

 bore to the total, increased during the period 

 of fifty years from 3-3 to 3-8 per cent., that of 

 the population of Scotland from 9'7 to 10'6 per 

 cent. The population of England amounted to 

 53-6 per cent, of the total in 1831, 55 -4 per 

 cent, in 1841, 61'0 per cent, in 1851, 64'6 per 

 cent, in 1861, 67'5 per cent, in 1871, and 69-8 

 per cent, in 1881. The population speaking 

 the Celtic languages in 1881 was 2,067,359. 

 Of the population of Wales and Monmouth- 

 shire, 950,000, or about 70 per cent., speak 

 Cymric ; of the population of Scotland, 231,594, 

 or 6 -20 per cent., speak Gaelic ; and in Ireland 

 885,765, or 18*2 per cent, of the population, 

 could speak Irish Gaelic. In England and 

 Wales the density of the population is 446 to 

 the square mile, in Scotland 125, in Ireland 

 160. The land of the United Kingdom is in 

 the possession of a comparatively few individ- 

 uals. In England and Wales the number of 

 owners of real estate, outside of London, is 

 972,836 the number of owners of property ex- 

 ceeding an acre in extent. 269,547 ; the number 

 of o wners in Scotland, 1 32, 230 of o wners above 

 an acre, 19,225 ; the number of owners in Ire- 

 land, 68,758 of owners above an acre, 32,614. 

 The total number of owners in the United 

 Kingdom is 1,173,824 of owners abovean acre, 

 321,386 ; the average estimated rental per acre 

 in England and Wales is $14.63 ; in Scotland, 

 $4.80 ; in Ireland, $3.25. 



The population of England and Wales on 

 June 30, 1884, was computed to be 27, 132,449; 

 of Scotland, 3,866,521 ; of Ireland, 4,962,570 ; 

 the total population of the United Kingdom, 

 35,961,540. 



The population of England and Wales was 

 divided in 1881 in respect to occupations as 

 follows : 



In Scotland the division of the population 

 in 1881 was as follows : 



The population of Ireland was divided in 

 1881 as follows : 



The town population of England and Wales 

 in 1881 was 15,445,296, against 12,910,647 in 

 1871 ; the rural population 10,529,143, against 

 9,801,619. The town and village population 

 in Scotland in 1881 was 2,754,736, the rural 

 population 980,837, the former showing an in- 

 crease of 17'7 per cent., the latter a decrease 

 of 3*96 per cent., since 1871. 



The number of marriages in England and 

 Wales in 1883 was 205,814, the number of 

 births 889,815, of deaths 522,662 ; the number 

 of marriages in Scotland 26,855, of births 124,- 

 462, of deaths 76,867; the number of mar- 

 riages in Ireland 21,490, of births 116,224, of 

 deaths 96,388. The proportion of illegitimate 

 births was 4-9 per cent, in England in 1882, 

 8-5 per cent, in Scotland in 1883, and 2'6 per 

 cent, in Ireland. The mean birth-rate for ten 

 years was 3'54 per cent, in England and 3-46 

 per cent, in Scotland; the death-rate, 2-14 per 

 per cent, in England and 210 per cent, in 

 Scotland. 



The population of London, inclusive of the 

 outer ring of suburbs, was 4,766,661 in 1881, 

 an increase of 22'7 per cent, since 1871, and 

 47'9 per cent, since 1861. London proper con- 

 tained in 1881 a population of 3,816,483, which 

 increased to 4,019,361 in the middle of 1884. 

 The population of the other towns in England 

 with more than 100,000 inhabitants in 1884, 

 as computed by the Registrar-General, was as 

 follows: Liverpool, 573,202; Birmingham, 

 421,258; Manchester, 338,296; Leeds, 327,- 

 324; Sheffield, 300,563; Bristol, 215,457; 

 Bradford, 209,564; Nottingham, 205,298 ; Sal- 

 ford, 195,153 ; Hull, 181,225 ; Newcastle, 151,- 

 325; Portsmouth, 133,059; Leicester, 132,773; 

 Sunderland, 123,204; Oldham, 122,676 ; Brigh- 

 ton, 112,954; Blackburn, 110,498; Bolton, 

 108,968. The population of the principal towns 

 in Scotland in 1881 was as follows: Glasgow, 

 674,095; Edinburgh, 236,002; Dundee, 140,- 

 239 ; Aberdeen, 105,189. In Ireland, Dublin 

 contained 249,602, with suburbs 349,648, and 

 Belfast 208,122, Cork coming next with 80,124 

 inhabitants. 



Emigration. The total emigration from the 

 United Kingdom between 1852 and 1883 was 

 5,405,917, of which number 3,575,174 went to 

 the United States, 1,389,072 of them being 

 English, 252,373 Scotch, and 1,933,729 Irish. 

 The number of emigrants, including foreign- 

 ers, to the United States in 1884 was 203,519, 

 against 252,226 in 1883, 295,539 in 1882, and 

 307,973 in 1881 ; the number of emigrants to 

 Canada in 1884 was 37,043 ; to Australasia, 

 45,944; total, 303,901 in 1884, against 397,157 



