GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. (luisn AFFAIBS.) 



455 



12 a soldier of a Welsh regiment killed a man 

 at Waterford, and in consequence the soldiers 

 were mobbed by the citizens, and the regiment 

 was removed to prevent further trouble. The 

 crash of the Munster Bank, in Cork and Dublin, 

 occasioned financial distress throughout a great 

 part of Ireland. On Nov. 12 a gentleman farm- 

 er, named Curtin, near Tralee, County Kerry, 

 was murdered in his house, after killing one of 

 his assailants, whose object was to rob the house 

 of a quantity of fire-arms. In the same district 

 there were other cases of blackmailing. The 

 co-operation of the clergy in the Land League 

 had much to do with the general cessation of 

 crime and violence. A Loyalists' Defense Co- 

 operative Union was inaugurated at Cork in 

 September for the purpose of aiding boycotted 

 individuals and supplying them with goods 

 which the local dealers refused to sell them, 

 and finding a market for their produce. 



In the official report of the working of the 

 Crimes Act for 1884 there were 762 cases of 

 agrarian crime enumerated, of which 423 con- 

 sisted in intimidation by threatening letters or 

 otherwise. There were 91 cases of injury to 

 property, 57 of mutilation of cattle, not a sin- 

 gle case of murder, and only one of assault 

 upon a bailiff. In 686 cases, or 90 per cent, of 

 the total, no person was convicted or made 

 amenable. 



Lord Carnarvon was spared the abuse and 

 reviling which his predecessors had to undergo. 

 In the autumn he made a tour in the west of 

 Ireland. The new administration endeavored 

 to cope with intimidation and boycotting by 

 means of the conspiracy laws and by requiring 

 local leaders of the League to give bail for good 

 behavior. The Land League condemned vio- 

 lent and unlawful acts in the severest terms, 

 and discouraged boycotting except in cases of 

 manifest hardship and injustice. Land-grab- 

 bers were still denounced and boycotted, with 

 the approval of the leaders of the National 

 League. Publicans and car-owners were ex- 

 empted from the obligation to boycott by the 

 local branches because the authorities threat- 

 ened to cancel their licenses. 



The appointment of Dr. Walsh, the Presi- 

 dent of Maynooth College, to be Cardinal Mc- 

 Cabe's successor as Archbishop of Dublin and 

 Primate of Ireland, dissipated the growing dis- 

 affection of the Irish toward the Roman See 

 that had alienated many of the laity from the 

 Church and had lately spread to the clergy 

 and threatened to end in a schism. The Pope, 

 in discountenancing the Irish movement long 

 after the entire body of the Irish clergy had 

 gone over to Parnell, was influenced not solely 

 by the small but powerful body of English 

 Catholics and the representations of Mr. Er- 

 rington, the unofficial envoy of the English 

 Government in Rome, but by general political 

 considerations and the anti-revolutionary poli- 

 cy of the Curia based upon the dogmas of the 

 Church. The candidate of the English Gov- 

 ernment and the English Roman Catholics was 



Dr. Donelly, who had scarcely any Irish sup- 

 port. The Pope was about to appoint Arch- 

 bishop Moran, of Australia, who was already 

 summoned from Sydney, when their consul- 

 tations with the Irish bishops in Rome con- 

 vinced the Roman ecclesiastics that the wishes 

 of the Irish people could not safely be ignored. 

 During the conferences of the Irish bishops 

 with the cardinals in Rome, Bishop Nulty 

 wrote a pastoral in which he declared that the 

 Irish people would desert the Roman Church 

 if their national aspirations were condemned. 

 On July 27 Dr. Walsh, the most outspoken 

 Nationalist among the Irish bishops, who had 

 received the almost unanimous vote of the 

 chapter, was duly appointed by the Pope to 

 the archbishopric of Dublin. Upon his return 

 to Ireland, the new archbishop affirmed that 

 there was danger no longer of Ireland being 

 misrepresented in Rome, and that she could 

 look to Rome for sympathy and succor in her 

 hour of trial. The parish priests were already, 

 as a common thing, chairmen of the local 

 branches of the League. Instead of forbidding 

 the clergy to interfere in political meetings, as 

 his predecessors had done, the archbishop him- 

 self took a prominent part in the autumn elect- 

 oral campaign. 



After the close of the session, Mr. Parnell 

 startled England by announcing that the Irish 

 party would raise in the next Parliament the 

 demand of national independence. The aboli- 

 tion of the viceroyalty was a proposition that 

 was gaining ground, and had Clifford Lloyd for 

 its latest advocate. Home rule, in the shape of 

 local self-government by county boards, either 

 English party .was willing to grant in the full- 

 est measure if that would satisfy Irish demands. 

 Mr. Parnell now defined as the "irreducible 

 minimum " the restoration of Grattan's Parlia- 

 ment in College Green. He even refused to 

 hamper the legislative independence of Ireland 

 by accepting Mr. Gladstone's condition that 

 separation should not be the result, urging 

 English statesmen to trust the Irish altogether, 

 since intense disloyalty and disaffection had 

 been the only outcome of their timid policy in 

 the past. In answer to Mr. Chamberlain's res- 

 ervation that Irish industry should not be pro- 

 tected at the expense of English manufactures, 

 he expressed the opinion that the Irish Parlia- 

 ment would wisely begin its activity by estab- 

 lishing a protective tariff to foster the few 

 branches of industry in which the Irish can 

 excel, but which have been crushed by hostile 

 British legislation. The extension of local 

 self-government was approved by the Irish 

 leader, but he would listen to no scheme which 

 did not place the control of the police in the 

 hands of the local bodies. After the elections 

 were over, the English people were startled by 

 an intimation that Mr. Gladstone was prepared 

 to act with the Nationalists in securing a meas- 

 ure of home rule that would satisfy their na- 

 tional aspirations. The. Tories were precluded 

 from offering such a concession with the pres- 



